Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 480 N. Campus Walk, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 480 N. Campus Walk, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
Biol Psychol. 2024 Jan;185:108725. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108725. Epub 2023 Nov 21.
Smartphone use is nearly ubiquitous, with 93% of adults among economically developed countries, including the United States, Canada, Israel, and South Korea owning a smartphone (Taylor & Silver, 2019). Multiple studies have demonstrated the distracting effects of smartphone notifications on behavioral measures of cognition. Fewer studies have examined the effects of notifications on neural activity underlying higher-level cognitive processes or behavioral inductions to reduce smartphone-related distraction. Using EEG spectral frequency power densities, we assessed the effects of smartphone notifications (vs. control trials) on engagement of attentional shifting processes involved in cognitive control during a Navon Letter visual oddball task. Participants were randomly assigned to a brief mindfulness induction (N = 44) or a neutral narration control condition (N = 43). Overall, participants had lower theta-band power, but higher alpha- and beta-band power densities on target letter trials preceded by smartphone notifications. Additionally, participants in the mindfulness (vs. control) condition had a larger attention shifting oddball assessed via theta power density and theta/beta ratio (TBR) values-reflecting increased engagement of cognitive control-particularly on smartphone notification (vs. control) trials. Altogether, these results provide evidence supporting the idea that smartphone notifications can decrease activity of neural correlates of cognitive control, and offer the promise of a brief mindfulness induction to buffer against the effects of smartphone notifications on cognitive control. The findings indicate a need for further research on mindfulness inductiosn as a means to reduce potential distraction caused by smartphones.
智能手机的使用几乎无处不在，包括美国、加拿大、以色列和韩国在内的经济发达国家，有 93%的成年人拥有智能手机（Taylor & Silver，2019）。多项研究表明，智能手机通知对认知行为测量的干扰作用。较少的研究探讨了通知对支持更高层次认知过程的神经活动或减少与智能手机相关的分心的行为诱导的影响。我们使用脑电图频谱频率功率密度，评估了智能手机通知（与对照试验相比）对认知控制中注意力转移过程的参与的影响，在纳冯字母视觉异类任务中。参与者被随机分配到简短的正念诱导（N=44）或中性叙述对照条件（N=43）。总的来说，与智能手机通知前的目标字母试验相比，参与者的theta 波段功率较低，但 alpha 和 beta 波段功率密度较高。此外，在正念（与对照相比）条件下，参与者的theta 功率密度和 theta/beta 比值（TBR）值评估的注意转移异类较大，反映出认知控制的参与度增加，特别是在智能手机通知（与对照相比）试验中。总的来说，这些结果为智能手机通知可以降低认知控制的神经相关物的活动这一观点提供了证据，并提供了简短的正念诱导来缓冲智能手机通知对认知控制的影响的希望。研究结果表明，需要进一步研究正念诱导作为减少智能手机潜在干扰的一种手段。
