Yu Hojun, Lee Cheol Min, Oh Seung-Won
Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.
Korean J Fam Med. 2024 Jan;45(1):44-50. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.23.0201. Epub 2023 Nov 23.
To determine the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the consumption of various fruits.
The Korean Genome And Epidemiology Study is an ongoing prospective longitudinal cohort study of community dwellers and participants (men and women, aged 40-69 years) recruited from the national health examinee registry of Korea. Their individual consumption habits for 12 different fruit types were recorded using food frequency questionnaires. The fruits were then divided into three groups according to their glycemic indexes and glycemic loads. Participants with extreme caloric intakes, pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney diseases, chronic liver diseases, and ongoing cancer treatments were excluded. The incidence of type 2 diabetes in the cohort was identified through self-reporting and supplemented by glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose levels.
A total of 2,549 cases of type 2 diabetes were documented during 283,033.8 person-years of follow-up. After adjusting for personal, lifestyle, and dietary risk factors for diabetes, the pooled hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes for every serving per week of total whole fruit consumption was 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.06; P=0.2). With mutual adjustment of individual fruits, the pooled hazard ratios of type 2 diabetes for every serving per week were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88-1.00; P=0.039) for bananas, and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.84-0.96; P<0.001) for grapes.
Our findings suggest associations between the consumption of certain fruits and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. A greater consumption of grapes was significantly associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in our cohort, but the total amount of fruit consumption was not associated with a reduced risk.
确定2型糖尿病与各种水果摄入量之间的关联。
韩国基因组与流行病学研究是一项正在进行的前瞻性纵向队列研究，研究对象为从韩国国家健康检查登记处招募的社区居民和参与者（年龄在40 - 69岁之间的男性和女性）。使用食物频率问卷记录他们对12种不同水果的个人消费习惯。然后根据水果的血糖指数和血糖负荷将其分为三组。排除热量摄入极端、已患2型糖尿病、慢性肾病、慢性肝病以及正在接受癌症治疗的参与者。通过自我报告并辅以糖化血红蛋白和空腹血糖水平来确定队列中2型糖尿病的发病率。
在283,033.8人年的随访期间，共记录了2549例2型糖尿病病例。在对糖尿病的个人、生活方式和饮食风险因素进行调整后，每周每食用一份全水果，2型糖尿病的合并风险比为1.02（95%置信区间[CI]，0.99 - 1.06；P = 0.2）。在对每种水果进行相互调整后，每周每食用一份香蕉，2型糖尿病的合并风险比为0.94（95% CI，0.88 - 1.00；P = 0.039），每周每食用一份葡萄，2型糖尿病的合并风险比为0.90（95% CI，0.84 - 0.96；P < 0.001）。
我们的研究结果表明某些水果的摄入量与患2型糖尿病的风险之间存在关联。在我们的队列中，食用较多葡萄与2型糖尿病风险较低显著相关，但水果的总摄入量与风险降低无关。
