Gröhn Y, Saloniemi H, Syväjärvi J
Acta Vet Scand. 1986;27(2):209-22. doi: 10.1186/BF03548165.
The epidemiology of clinical ketosis, hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia was examined. In addition, the genetic variability of ketosis and parturient paresis was investigated. The data set consisted of the lactation records of 70,775 Finnish Ayrshire dairy cows. Each cow was under observation for 2 days before and for 305 days after calving. Lactation incidence rates (%) were: ketosis 6.0, parturient paresis 3.8, non-parturient paresis 0.6, hypomagnesaemic tetany, outdoor 0.6, and indoor 0.2. These diseases formed 22 % of all first treatments by veterinarians during farm visits. 92 % of the cases of ketosis occurred with 8 weeks of parturition, with the highest occurrence 3–5 weeks after calving. Four % of cases of parturient paresis occurred before, and 45 % within 24 h after calving. When cases were categorized by month of calving the risk of ketosis was higher during indoor feeding (October-April) than during outdoor feeding (May-September). The risk of parturient paresis did not significantly vary with month of calving. The occurrence of ketosis increased with parity up to the 4th and decreased thereafter. The occurrence of parturient paresis increased with parity. Both the increase in herd milk yield and the increase in individual milk yields were positively associated with the occurrence of ketosis and parturient paresis. The cows with a history of the reproductive tract infection had a higher risk of contracting ketosis. Heritability estimates for ketosis in various parity groups were from 1.6 % to 4.1 % on the binomial scale (corresponding to 7.3 %–14.4 % on the normal scale), and for parturient paresis from 3.5 to 10.5% (corresponding from 18.3 % to 27.4 %). The genetic correlation between ketosis and parturient paresis, and these and current milk production for all material were insignificant.
对临床酮病、低钙血症和低镁血症的流行病学进行了研究。此外，还调查了酮病和产乳热的遗传变异性。数据集由70775头芬兰艾尔夏奶牛的泌乳记录组成。每头奶牛在产犊前2天和产犊后305天接受观察。泌乳发病率（%）为：酮病6.0，产乳热3.8，非产乳热0.6，户外低镁血症性搐搦0.6，室内0.2。这些疾病占兽医在农场出诊时所有首次治疗病例的22%。92%的酮病病例发生在分娩后8周内，产犊后3 - 5周发病率最高。4%的产乳热病例发生在产犊前，45%发生在产犊后24小时内。按产犊月份对病例进行分类时，室内饲养期间（10月至4月）酮病风险高于户外饲养期间（5月至9月）。产乳热风险随产犊月份无显著变化。酮病发病率随胎次增加至第4胎，此后下降。产乳热发病率随胎次增加。牛群产奶量增加和个体产奶量增加均与酮病和产乳热的发生呈正相关。有生殖道感染病史的奶牛患酮病风险更高。不同胎次组酮病的遗传力估计在二项式尺度上为1.6%至4.1%（在正态尺度上对应7.3% - 14.4%），产乳热为3.5%至10.5%（对应18.3%至27.4%）。所有材料中，酮病和产乳热之间以及它们与当前产奶量之间的遗传相关性均不显著。
