MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Clin Ter. 2023 Nov-Dec;174(Suppl 2(6)):193-199. doi: 10.7417/CT.2023.2487.
Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are two interrelated fields that explore the influence of genetic diversity on nutrient responses and function. While nutrigenetics investigates the effects of hereditary ge-netic variations on micronutrient metabolism, nutrigenomics examines the intricate relationship between diet and the genome, studying how genetic variants impact nutrient intake and gene expression. These disciplines offer valuable insights into predicting and managing chronic diseases through personalized nutritional approaches. Nutrigenomics employs cutting-edge genomics technologies to study nutrient-genome interactions. Key principles involve genetic variability among ethnic groups, affecting nutrient bioavailability and metabolism, and the influence of dietary choices based on cultural, geographic, and socioeconomic factors. Polymorphisms, particularly single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), significantly influence gene activity and are associated with specific phenotypes that are related to micronutrient deficiencies. Minerals are inorganic elements, vital for various physiological functions. Understanding the SNPs associated with mineral deficien-cies is crucial for assessing disease risk and developing personalized treatment plans. This knowledge can inform public health interventions, targeted screening programs, educational campaigns, and fortified food products to address deficiencies effectively. Nutrigenomics research has the potential to revolutionize clinical and nutritional practices, providing personalized recommendations, enhancing illness risk assessment, and advancing public health initiatives. Despite the need for further research, harnessing nutrigenomics' potential can lead to more focused and efficient methods for preventing and treating mineral deficiencies.
营养遗传学和营养基因组学是两个相互关联的领域，它们探索遗传多样性对营养反应和功能的影响。营养遗传学研究遗传变异对微量营养素代谢的影响，而营养基因组学则研究饮食与基因组之间的复杂关系，研究遗传变异如何影响营养摄入和基因表达。这些学科为通过个性化营养方法预测和管理慢性疾病提供了有价值的见解。营养基因组学采用最先进的基因组学技术来研究营养-基因组相互作用。关键原则包括不同种族之间的遗传变异性，影响营养素的生物利用度和代谢，以及基于文化、地理和社会经济因素的饮食选择。多态性，特别是单核苷酸多态性（SNP），显著影响基因活性，并与与微量元素缺乏相关的特定表型有关。矿物质是无机元素，对各种生理功能至关重要。了解与矿物质缺乏相关的 SNP 对于评估疾病风险和制定个性化治疗计划至关重要。这些知识可以为公共卫生干预措施、有针对性的筛查计划、教育活动和强化食品产品提供信息，以有效地解决缺乏问题。营养基因组学研究有可能彻底改变临床和营养实践，提供个性化建议，增强疾病风险评估，并推动公共卫生倡议。尽管需要进一步研究，但利用营养基因组学的潜力可以为预防和治疗矿物质缺乏提供更有针对性和更有效的方法。
