MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy.
Clin Ter. 2023 Nov-Dec;174(Suppl 2(6)):200-208. doi: 10.7417/CT.2023.2488.
Nutrigenomics - the study of the interactions between genetics and nutrition - has emerged as a pivotal field in personalized nutrition. Among various genetic variations, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been extensively studied for their probable relationship with metabolic traits.
Throughout this review, we have employed a targeted research approach, carefully handpicking the most representative and relevant articles on the subject. Our methodology involved a systematic review of the scientific literature to ensure a comprehensive and accurate overview of the available sources.
SNPs have demonstrated a significant influence on lipid metabolism, by impacting genes that encode for enzymes involved in lipid synthesis, transport, and storage. Furthermore, they have the ability to affect enzymes in glycolysis and insulin signaling pathways: in a way, they can influence the risk of type 2 diabetes. Thanks to recent advances in genotyping technologies, we now know numerous SNPs linked to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The large-scale studies on this topic have unveiled the potential of personalized dietary recommendations based on an individual's genetic makeup. Personalized nutritional interventions hold promise to mitigate the risk of various chronic diseases; however, translating these scientific insights into actionable dietary guidelines is still challenging.
As the field of nutrigenomics continues to evolve, collaborations between geneticists, nutritionists, and healthcare providers are essential to harness the power of genetic information for improving metabolic health. By unraveling the genetic basis of metabolic responses to diet, this field holds the potential to revolutionize how we approach dietary recommendations and preventive healthcare practices.
营养基因组学——研究基因与营养之间的相互作用——已成为个性化营养的重要领域。在各种遗传变异中，单核苷酸多态性（SNP）因其与代谢特征的可能关系而被广泛研究。
在本综述中，我们采用了有针对性的研究方法，精心挑选了该主题最具代表性和相关性的文章。我们的方法包括对科学文献进行系统回顾，以确保对可用资源进行全面准确的概述。
SNP 对脂质代谢有显著影响，影响编码参与脂质合成、转运和储存的酶的基因。此外，它们还可以影响糖酵解和胰岛素信号通路中的酶：它们可以影响 2 型糖尿病的风险。由于基因分型技术的最新进展，我们现在知道许多与脂质和碳水化合物代谢相关的 SNP。关于这个主题的大规模研究揭示了基于个体基因构成制定个性化饮食建议的潜力。个性化营养干预有望降低各种慢性疾病的风险；然而，将这些科学见解转化为可行的饮食指南仍然具有挑战性。
随着营养基因组学领域的不断发展，遗传学家、营养学家和医疗保健提供者之间的合作对于利用遗传信息来改善代谢健康至关重要。通过揭示饮食对代谢反应的遗传基础，该领域有可能彻底改变我们制定饮食建议和预防保健实践的方式。
