Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Sustainable and Circular Construction, Technical University of Košice, Vysokoškolská 4, 042 00, Košice, Slovak Republic.
Faculty of Science, Institute of Mathematics, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Jesenná 5, 04001, Košice, Slovak Republic.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Nov 23;195(12):1524. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-12147-z.
One of the major present challenges in the building sector is to construct sustainable and low-energy buildings with a healthy, safe, and comfortable environment. This study is designed to explore long-term impacts of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) parameters in a historic technical school building on the health and comfort of students. The main objective is to identify environmental problems in schools and to direct public policy towards the enhancement of in-service historic buildings. The collected data on five consecutive days in various seasons from five different classrooms indicate allergy in 45% and asthma in 10% of students. Environmental factors, such as temperature, draught, noise, or light, affected 51% of students' attention. Low temperature, unpleasant air, noise, and draught were found to be the most frequent concerns for students. The lowest temperature was measured during spring at 17.6 °C, the lowest humidity of 21.1% in winter, the largest CO amount in the air in autumn at 2041 ppm level, and the greatest total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) as 514 µg/m. The experimental and statistical analysis results suggest the necessity of a comprehensive restoration of the building with a focus on enhancement of IEQ as well as replacement of old non-standard materials. An effective ventilation system is also necessary. The building requires major renovations to preserve its historic features while safeguarding the well-being and comfort of students and staff. Further research is needed on acoustics, lighting, and energy factors as well as the health effects of old building materials.
建筑领域目前面临的主要挑战之一是建造可持续和低能耗的建筑，同时营造健康、安全和舒适的环境。本研究旨在探索历史技术学校建筑的室内环境质量 (IEQ) 参数对学生健康和舒适度的长期影响。主要目标是确定学校中的环境问题，并引导公共政策改善在役历史建筑。从五个不同教室在五个不同季节连续五天收集的数据表明，45%的学生有过敏症，10%的学生有哮喘。环境因素，如温度、气流、噪音或光线，影响了 51%学生的注意力。低温、空气不新鲜、噪音和气流是学生最关心的问题。在春季，温度最低为 17.6°C，冬季湿度最低为 21.1%，秋季空气中的 CO 含量最大，为 2041ppm 级，总挥发性有机化合物 (TVOC) 最高，为 514µg/m。实验和统计分析结果表明，有必要对建筑物进行全面修复，重点是提高 IEQ，并更换旧的非标准材料。还需要一个有效的通风系统。该建筑需要进行重大改造，以保留其历史特色，同时保障学生和教职员工的福祉和舒适。需要进一步研究声学、照明和能源因素以及旧建筑材料的健康影响。
