School of Architecture, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland 0600, New Zealand.
School of Healthcare and Social Practice, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland 0600, New Zealand.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 10;19(10):5811. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19105811.
Based on field study data regarding the winter indoor thermal environment of three classrooms with different building envelopes, this study compared and evaluated these environments, not only related to students' thermal comfort but also to their health. The inadequacy of the conventional New Zealand school building for maintaining a comfortable and healthy winter indoor thermal environment has been identified. A classroom with thermal mass had 31%, 34% and 9% more time than a classroom without thermal mass when indoor temperatures met 16 °C 18 °C and 20 °C respectively and has 21.4% more time than the classroom without thermal mass when indoor relative humidity was in the optimal range of 40% to 60%, in a temperate climate with a mild and humid winter. Adding thermal mass to school building envelopes should be considered as a strategy to improve the winter indoor thermal environment in future school design and development. Adding thermal mass to a school building with sufficient insulation can not only increase winter indoor mean air temperature but can also reduce the fluctuation of indoor air temperatures. This can significantly reduce the incidence of very low indoor temperature and very high indoor relative humidity, and significantly improve the indoor thermal environment.
基于三所用不同围护结构的教室冬季室内热环境的现场研究数据，本研究对这些环境进行了比较和评估，不仅与学生的热舒适度有关，还与他们的健康有关。研究表明，新西兰传统的学校建筑不适合维持舒适和健康的冬季室内热环境。在温和湿润的冬季气候中，与没有热质量的教室相比，具有热质量的教室在室内温度分别达到 16°C、18°C 和 20°C 时，满足这些温度的时间分别多出 31%、34% 和 9%，而在室内相对湿度处于 40%至 60%的最佳范围内时，满足这些温度的时间多出 21.4%。在未来的学校设计和开发中，应该考虑在学校建筑围护结构中添加热质量，以改善冬季室内热环境。在具有足够隔热性能的学校建筑中添加热质量，不仅可以提高冬季室内平均空气温度，还可以减少室内空气温度的波动。这可以显著降低室内温度极低和室内相对湿度极高的发生率，显著改善室内热环境。
