Santos-Martínez Luis Efrén, Jiménez-Rodríguez Gian-Manuel, Sánchez-Nieto Jorge, Ortiz-Obregón Sergio, Romero-Zertuche Diana, Moreno-Ruiz Luis-Antonio
Secretaría de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Departamento de Cuidados Intensivos Posquirúrgicos Cardiovasculares. Ciudad de México, México.
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Cardiología, Departamento de Cuidados Intensivos Posquirúrgicos Cardiovasculares. Ciudad de México, México.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2023 Nov 6;61(6):849-856. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10064450.
The right ventricle is susceptible to changes in preload, afterload, and contractility. The answer is its dilation with dysfunction/acute failure; filling is limited to the left ventricle and cardiac output. Systemic venous congestion is retrograde to the right heart, it is involved in the genesis of cardiogenic shock due to right ventricle involvement. This form of shock is less well known than that which occurs due to left ventricular failure, therefore, treatment may differ. Once the primary treatment has been carried out, since no response is obtained, supportive treatment aimed at ventricular pathophysiology will be the next option. It is suggested to evaluate the preload for the reasoned indication of liquids, diuretics or even ultrafiltration. Restore or maintain heart rate and sinus rhythm, treat symptomatic bradycardia, arrhythmias that make patients unstable, use of temporary pacing or cardioversion procedures. Improving contractility and vasomotility, using vasopressors and inotropes, alone or in combination, the objective will be to improve right coronary perfusion pressure. Balance the effect of drugs and maneuvers on preload and/or afterload, such as mechanical ventilation, atrial septostomy and pulmonary vasodilators. And the increasing utility of mechanical support of the circulation that has become a useful tool to preserve/restore right heart function.
右心室易受前负荷、后负荷和收缩力变化的影响。答案是其扩张伴功能障碍/急性衰竭;充盈仅限于左心室和心输出量。体循环静脉淤血逆行至右心,因右心室受累而参与心源性休克的发生。这种休克形式不如因左心室衰竭引起的休克为人熟知,因此,治疗可能有所不同。一旦进行了初步治疗但未获得反应,针对心室病理生理学的支持性治疗将是下一个选择。建议评估前负荷,以便合理使用液体、利尿剂甚至超滤。恢复或维持心率和窦性心律,治疗有症状的心动过缓、使患者不稳定的心律失常,采用临时起搏或心脏复律程序。改善收缩力和血管运动性,单独或联合使用血管升压药和正性肌力药,目标是提高右冠状动脉灌注压。平衡药物和操作对前负荷和/或后负荷的影响,如机械通气、房间隔造口术和肺血管扩张剂。以及循环机械支持的应用日益增加,它已成为保留/恢复右心功能的有用工具。