Swift Joel F, Migicovsky Zoë, Trello Grace E, Miller Allison J
Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA.
Environ Microbiome. 2023 Nov 23;18(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s40793-023-00539-0.
Plant organs (compartments) host distinct microbiota which shift in response to variation in both development and climate. Grapevines are woody perennial crops that are clonally propagated and cultivated across vast geographic areas, and as such, their microbial communities may also reflect site-specific influences. These site-specific influences along with microbial differences across sites compose 'terroir', the environmental influence on wine produced in a given region. Commercial grapevines are typically composed of a genetically distinct root (rootstock) grafted to a shoot system (scion) which adds an additional layer of complexity via genome-to-genome interactions.
To understand spatial and temporal patterns of bacterial diversity in grafted grapevines, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to quantify soil and compartment microbiota (berries, leaves, and roots) for grafted grapevines in commercial vineyards across three counties in the Central Valley of California over two successive growing seasons. Community composition revealed compartment-specific dynamics. Roots assembled site-specific bacterial communities that reflected rootstock genotype and environment influences, whereas bacterial communities of leaves and berries displayed associations with time.
These results provide further evidence of a microbial terroir within the grapevine root systems but also reveal that the microbiota of above-ground compartments are only weakly associated with the local soil microbiome in the Central Valley of California.
植物器官（不同部分）容纳着不同的微生物群，这些微生物群会随着发育和气候的变化而改变。葡萄树是多年生木本作物，通过无性繁殖在广阔的地理区域种植，因此，它们的微生物群落也可能反映出特定地点的影响。这些特定地点的影响以及不同地点间的微生物差异构成了“风土”，即环境对特定地区生产的葡萄酒的影响。商业葡萄树通常由嫁接到茎系统（接穗）上的基因不同的根（砧木）组成，这通过基因组间的相互作用增加了一层复杂性。
为了了解嫁接葡萄树中细菌多样性的时空模式，我们使用16S rRNA扩增子测序技术，对加利福尼亚中央山谷三个县的商业葡萄园中的嫁接葡萄树在连续两个生长季节的土壤和不同部分（浆果、叶子和根）的微生物群进行了量化。群落组成揭示了不同部分的特定动态。根形成了反映砧木基因型和环境影响的特定地点细菌群落，而叶子和浆果的细菌群落则与时间有关联。
这些结果进一步证明了葡萄树根系内存在微生物风土，但也表明加利福尼亚中央山谷地上部分的微生物群与当地土壤微生物群的关联较弱。
