Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Vienna, Austria.
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.
Yeast. 2023 Dec;40(12):583-593. doi: 10.1002/yea.3909. Epub 2023 Nov 23.
Microbial metabolism offers a wide variety of opportunities to produce chemicals from renewable resources. Employing such processes of industrial biotechnology provides valuable means to fight climate change by replacing fossil feedstocks by renewable substrate to reduce or even revert carbon emission. Several yeast species are well suited chassis organisms for this purpose, illustrated by the fact that the still largest microbial production of a chemical, namely bioethanol is based on yeast. Although production of ethanol and some other chemicals is highly efficient, this is not the case for many desired bulk chemicals. One reason for low efficiency is carbon loss, which decreases the product yield and increases the share of total production costs that is taken by substrate costs. Here we discuss the causes for carbon loss in metabolic processes, approaches to avoid carbon loss, as well as opportunities to incorporate carbon from CO , based on the electron balance of pathways. These aspects of carbon efficiency are illustrated for the production of succinic acid from a diversity of substrates using different pathways.
微生物代谢为利用可再生资源生产化学品提供了多种多样的机会。采用这种工业生物技术的过程，通过用可再生基质替代化石原料来减少甚至扭转碳排放，为应对气候变化提供了宝贵的手段。有几种酵母物种非常适合作为底盘生物，事实就是例证，即最大的微生物化学品生产，也就是生物乙醇，就是基于酵母。尽管乙醇和一些其他化学品的生产效率非常高，但对于许多所需的大宗化学品来说并非如此。效率低下的一个原因是碳损失，这会降低产品收率并增加总生产成本中由基质成本所占的份额。在这里，我们根据途径的电子平衡，讨论了代谢过程中碳损失的原因、避免碳损失的方法以及利用 CO2 中的碳的机会。使用不同途径从各种基质生产琥珀酸为例说明了碳效率的这些方面。
