Piras Alessandro, Raffi Milena
Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Nov 11;11(22):2947. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11222947.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia associated with impaired carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, with concomitant absence of insulin secretion or reduced sensitivity to its metabolic effects. Patients with diabetes mellitus have a 30% more risk of developing heart failure and cardiovascular disease compared to healthy people. Heart and cardiovascular problems are the first cause of death worldwide and the main complications which lead to high healthcare costs. Such complications can be delayed or avoided by taking prescribed medications in conjunction with a healthy lifestyle (i.e., diet and physical activity). The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association recommend that diabetic people reduce total sedentary time by incorporating physical activity into their weekly routine. This narrative literature review aims to summarize and present the main guidelines, pre-exercise cardiovascular screening recommendations, and considerations for patients with diabetes and comorbidities who are planning to participate in physical activity programs.
糖尿病（DM）是一种代谢性疾病，其特征为慢性高血糖，伴有碳水化合物、脂质和蛋白质代谢受损，同时存在胰岛素分泌缺失或对其代谢作用的敏感性降低。与健康人相比，糖尿病患者发生心力衰竭和心血管疾病的风险高出30%。心脏和心血管问题是全球首要死因，也是导致高额医疗费用的主要并发症。通过结合健康的生活方式（即饮食和体育活动）服用处方药，可以延缓或避免此类并发症。美国运动医学学院和美国糖尿病协会建议糖尿病患者将体育活动纳入每周日程安排，以减少久坐总时长。本叙述性文献综述旨在总结并介绍针对计划参加体育活动项目的糖尿病及合并症患者的主要指南、运动前心血管筛查建议及注意事项。
