Soranzo Alessandro, Taddio Luca
Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology (CeBSAP), Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK.
Dipartimento di Studi UManistici e del Patrimonio Culturale, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
J Intell. 2023 Nov 10;11(11):214. doi: 10.3390/jintelligence11110214.
This article explores the relationship between neurophysiology and phenomenology in the context of ambiguous figures. Divided into three parts, the study investigates new forms of stimulus and experience errors that arise from ambiguous figures. Part 1 discusses the limitations of a single-disciplinary approach and cautions against relying only on neurophysiological explanations for perceptions. A sole reliance on neurophysiological explanations can lead to stimulus and experience errors, as well as to the development of an unfounded mind/body dualism. Part 2 focusses on the stimulus error associated with ambiguous figures. It also shows how the Mona Lisa's ambiguous expression can cause the experience error. Unlike other forms of ambiguous figures, different expressions of Mona Lisa are perceived when seen in different definitions. It is shown how assigning a higher ontological status to one of the expressions because it aligns with our knowledge of the nervous system, as conjectured by some authors, gives rise to the experience error. Part 3 emphasises the importance of complementing neurophysiological interpretations with phenomenological ones for a better understanding of perceptual phenomena. Phenomenology provides constraints and corrections to neurophysiology, whereas neurophysiology informs phenomenology through empirical findings. The theory of levels of reality is introduced as a framework to underlie the connections and dependencies between different perspectives. Using both neurophysiological and phenomenological approaches, a comprehensive understanding of perceptual phenomena emerges, surpassing the limitations of each discipline. This method encourages a holistic view of perception, where neurophysiology and phenomenology coexist, complementing and enriching each other's insights.
本文探讨了在模棱两可图形的背景下神经生理学与现象学之间的关系。该研究分为三个部分，调查了由模棱两可图形产生的刺激和体验错误的新形式。第一部分讨论了单一学科方法的局限性，并告诫不要仅依赖神经生理学解释来理解感知。仅依赖神经生理学解释可能会导致刺激和体验错误，以及发展出毫无根据的身心二元论。第二部分聚焦于与模棱两可图形相关的刺激错误。它还展示了《蒙娜丽莎》模棱两可的表情如何导致体验错误。与其他形式的模棱两可图形不同，当以不同清晰度观看时，《蒙娜丽莎》会被感知为不同的表情。研究表明，正如一些作者所推测的，因为其中一种表情与我们对神经系统的了解相符，就赋予其更高的本体论地位，从而导致了体验错误。第三部分强调了用现象学解释来补充神经生理学解释对于更好地理解感知现象的重要性。现象学为神经生理学提供约束和修正，而神经生理学则通过实证研究结果为现象学提供信息。现实层次理论被引入作为一个框架，以支撑不同视角之间的联系和依存关系。通过使用神经生理学和现象学方法，对感知现象产生了全面的理解，超越了各学科的局限性。这种方法鼓励对感知形成整体看法，即神经生理学和现象学共存，相互补充并丰富彼此的见解。
