Park Mi-Ryung, Ahn Jin Seop, Lee Min Gook, Lee Bo Ram, Ock Sun A, Byun Sung June, Hwang In-Sul
Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2023 Nov 14;45(11):9103-9116. doi: 10.3390/cimb45110571.
Although the efficiency of cloning remains very low, this technique has become the most reliable way to produce transgenic pigs. However, the high rate of abnormal offspring such as an enlarged tongue lowers the cloning efficiency by reducing the early survivability of piglets. Thus, the present study was conducted to identify the characteristics of the enlarged tongue from cloned piglets by histologic and transcriptomic analysis. As a result, it was observed that the tissues from enlarged tongues ( = 3) showed isolated and broken muscle bundles with wide spaces while the tissues from normal tongues ( = 3) showed the tight connection of muscle bundles without space by histological analysis. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy results also showed the formation of isolated and broken muscle bundles in enlarged tongues. The transcriptome analysis showed a total of 197 upregulated and 139 downregulated genes with more than 2-fold changes in enlarged tongues. Moreover, there was clear evidence for the difference between groups in the muscle system process with high relation in the biological process by gene ontology analysis. The analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathway of differentially expressed genes indicated that the pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and glucagon signaling pathway were also involved. Conclusively, our results could suggest that the abnormal glycolytic regulation may result in the formation of an enlarged tongue. These findings might have the potential to understand the underlying mechanisms, abnormal development, and disease diagnosis in cloned pigs.
尽管克隆效率仍然很低，但这项技术已成为生产转基因猪最可靠的方法。然而，诸如舌头肿大等异常后代的高比例通过降低仔猪的早期存活率降低了克隆效率。因此，本研究旨在通过组织学和转录组分析来鉴定克隆仔猪肿大舌头的特征。结果发现，通过组织学分析，肿大舌头（n = 3）的组织显示出孤立且断裂的肌束，间隙较宽，而正常舌头（n = 3）的组织显示肌束紧密连接，没有间隙。此外，透射电子显微镜结果也显示肿大舌头中存在孤立且断裂的肌束形成。转录组分析显示，肿大舌头中有197个基因上调，139个基因下调，变化倍数超过2倍。此外，通过基因本体分析，在生物过程中与肌肉系统过程高度相关的组间差异有明确证据。对差异表达基因的京都基因与基因组百科全书途径分析表明，磷酸戊糖途径、糖酵解/糖异生和胰高血糖素信号通路也参与其中。总之，我们的结果表明异常的糖酵解调节可能导致舌头肿大的形成。这些发现可能有助于理解克隆猪的潜在机制、异常发育和疾病诊断。
