Pickrodt Chris, Köhler Heike, Moog Udo, Liebler-Tenorio Elisabeth M, Möbius Petra
Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
Thuringian Animal Diseases Fund, Sheep and Goat Health Service, Victor-Goerttler-Straße 4, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Nov 16;13(22):3542. doi: 10.3390/ani13223542.
This study investigated the intra- and inter-herd diversity of subsp. (MAP) isolates from four goat herds in Thuringia (Germany) that were affected by paratuberculosis for several years. The main focus was on the characterization and distribution of genotypes among animals and the environment of goat herd 1. This study included 196 isolates from the feces of 121 infected goats, various tissues from 13 clinically diseased goats, 29 environmental samples from herd 1, and additionally, 22 isolates of different origin from herds 2 to 4. The isolates, sampled between 2018 and 2022, were genotyped using short-sequence-repeat (SSR) analysis, mycobacterial-interspersed repetitive units-variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) analysis, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based assay for phylogenetic grouping. All the isolates belonged to the MAP-C group. In herd 1, one predominant genotype was determined, while two other genotypes were identified very rarely and only in fecal and environmental samples. One of three further genotypes was found in each of herds 2 to 4. The assignment of genotypes to different phylogenetic clades suggested six different infection strains. The results indicated no epidemiological links between the examined herds. Based on the current MAP genotyping data from Germany, possible sources of infection are MAP-contaminated barns previously used by infected cattle and the purchase of sub-clinically infected goats.
本研究调查了德国图林根州四个受副结核病影响数年的山羊群中副结核分枝杆菌亚种（MAP）分离株的群内和群间多样性。主要重点是山羊群1中动物及其环境中基因型的特征和分布。本研究包括来自121只感染山羊粪便的196株分离株、13只临床患病山羊的各种组织、山羊群1的29份环境样本，此外，还有来自山羊群2至4的22株不同来源的分离株。对2018年至2022年间采集的分离株进行基因分型，采用短序列重复（SSR）分析、分枝杆菌散布重复单位可变数目串联重复（MIRU-VNTR）分析以及基于单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的系统发育分组检测。所有分离株均属于MAP-C组。在山羊群1中，确定了一种主要基因型，而另外两种基因型非常罕见，仅在粪便和环境样本中发现。在山羊群2至4中，各发现了另外三种基因型中的一种。基因型与不同系统发育分支的对应表明存在六种不同的感染菌株。结果表明所检查的山羊群之间没有流行病学联系。根据德国目前的MAP基因分型数据，可能的感染源是先前被感染牛使用过的受MAP污染的畜舍以及购买亚临床感染的山羊。
