Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ). Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ). Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14014 Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
Prev Vet Med. 2022 May;202:105637. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105637. Epub 2022 Apr 1.
Paratuberculosis is a worldwide, chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that mainly affects ruminant species. This disease has a significant economic impact on small ruminant production due to the costs of implementing control measures and production losses. A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with MAP exposure in sheep and goats in Andalusia (southern Spain). Serum samples from 4134 small ruminants (2266 sheep and 1868 goats) in 153 flocks were tested by an in-house ELISA for antibodies against MAP using paratuberculosis protoplasmic antigen 3 (PPA3) as coating antigen. Antibodies against MAP were detected in 8.1% (183/2266; 95% CI: 7.0-9.2%) of sheep and 20.0% (374/1868; 95% CI: 18.2-21.8%) of goats. The true individual seroprevalence was 8.4% (95% CI: 6.9-10.1%) in sheep and 25.2% (95% CI: 22.7-27.8%) in goats. Seropositivity was detected in 66.3% (55/83; 95% CI: 56.1-76.4%) of sheep herds and 90.0% (63/70; 95% CI: 83.0-97.0%) of goat herds. Spatial analysis identified three statistically significant clusters (p < 0.05) associated with areas with higher seroprevalence of MAP. The main risk factors potentially associated with MAP exposure were: species (goat) and absence of perimeter livestock fencing. The results of this study show that MAP is widespread in small ruminant populations in southern Spain and suggest that goats may play a more important role than sheep in the transmission and maintenance of MAP. Because of animal health concerns and the economic consequences of paratuberculosis, appropriate surveillance and control programs are required to reduce the risk of MAP infections in small ruminant flocks in this country.
副结核病是一种由鸟分枝杆菌副结核亚种（MAP）引起的、在全球范围内流行的慢性传染病，主要影响反刍动物。由于实施控制措施的成本和生产损失，这种疾病对小反刍动物的生产造成了重大的经济影响。本研究进行了一项横断面研究，以确定在安达卢西亚（西班牙南部）的绵羊和山羊中与 MAP 暴露相关的血清流行率、空间分布和危险因素。使用副结核病原生质抗原 3（PPA3）作为包被抗原，使用内部 ELISA 检测来自 153 个羊群的 4134 只小反刍动物（2266 只绵羊和 1868 只山羊）的血清样本，以检测针对 MAP 的抗体。在 8.1%（2266 只绵羊中的 183 只；95%置信区间：7.0-9.2%）的绵羊和 20.0%（1868 只山羊中的 374 只；95%置信区间：18.2-21.8%）的山羊中检测到针对 MAP 的抗体。绵羊的个体真实血清流行率为 8.4%（95%置信区间：6.9-10.1%），山羊为 25.2%（95%置信区间：22.7-27.8%）。在 66.3%（83 只绵羊中的 55 只；95%置信区间：56.1-76.4%）的绵羊群和 90.0%（70 只山羊中的 63 只；95%置信区间：83.0-97.0%）的山羊群中检测到血清阳性。空间分析确定了三个与 MAP 血清流行率较高的地区相关的具有统计学意义的聚类（p<0.05）。与 MAP 暴露潜在相关的主要危险因素是：物种（山羊）和缺乏周边牲畜围栏。本研究结果表明，MAP 在西班牙南部的小反刍动物群体中广泛存在，并表明山羊在 MAP 的传播和维持中可能比绵羊发挥更重要的作用。由于动物健康问题和副结核病的经济后果，需要实施适当的监测和控制计划，以降低该国小反刍动物群体中 MAP 感染的风险。
