Di Cosmo Anna, Maselli Valeria, Cirillo Emanuela, Norcia Mariangela, de Zoysa Heethaka K S, Polese Gianluca, Winlow William
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
PNRR "MNESYS", University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Nov 20;13(22):3579. doi: 10.3390/ani13223579.
A wide variety of substances have been used to anaesthetise invertebrates, but many are not anaesthetics and merely incapacitate animals rather than preventing pain. In essence, the role of an ideal general anaesthetic is to act as a muscle relaxant, an analgesic, an anaesthetic, and an amnesic. To achieve all these properties with a single substance is difficult, and various adjuvants usually need to be administered, resulting in a cocktail of drugs. In a clinical setting, the vast majority of patients are unaware of surgery being carried out and have no memory of it, so they can claim to have felt no pain, but this is much more difficult to demonstrate in invertebrates. Here, we show that 1% MgCl a muscle relaxant is a useful adjuvant for the clinical anaesthetic isoflurane on when applied alone in seawater for 10 min before the clinical anaesthetic. After this, full anaesthesia can be achieved in 5 min using 1% isoflurane insufflated into the saline still containing MgCl. Full recovery takes place rapidly in about 10 to 15 min. The depth of anaesthesia was monitored using changes in respiratory rate, chromatophore pattern, and withdrawal movements of the arms and siphon. This methodology reduces stress on the animal and minimises the quantity of anaesthetic used.
人们已使用各种各样的物质来麻醉无脊椎动物，但许多并非麻醉剂，只是使动物丧失行动能力而非防止疼痛。本质上，理想的全身麻醉剂的作用是充当肌肉松弛剂、镇痛药、麻醉剂和失忆剂。用单一物质实现所有这些特性很困难，通常需要施用各种佐剂，从而形成一种药物混合物。在临床环境中，绝大多数患者并未意识到手术正在进行，且对手术没有记忆，所以他们可以声称没有感到疼痛，但这在无脊椎动物中很难证明。在此，我们表明，肌肉松弛剂1%的氯化镁在临床麻醉剂异氟烷之前单独于海水中施用10分钟时，是临床麻醉剂异氟烷的一种有用佐剂。在此之后，向仍含有氯化镁的盐水中吹入1%的异氟烷，5分钟内即可实现完全麻醉。大约10至15分钟内即可迅速完全恢复。使用呼吸频率、色素细胞模式以及手臂和虹吸管的退缩运动的变化来监测麻醉深度。这种方法减少了对动物的压力，并使麻醉剂的用量最小化。
