Genetics Department, ETSIAM, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Nov 7;24(22):16041. doi: 10.3390/ijms242216041.
Allelic variation within genes controlling the vernalisation requirement () and photoperiod response () determines the adaptation of wheat to different environmental growing conditions as well as influences other traits related to grain yield. This study aimed to screen a Spanish spelt wheat collection using gene-specific molecular markers for , , , and loci and to phenotype for heading date (HD) in both field and greenhouse experiments under a long photoperiod and without vernalisation. Fifty-five spelt genotypes (91.7%) exhibited a spring growth habit, and all of them carried at least one dominant allele, whereas five (8.3%) genotypes had a winter growth habit, and they carried the triple recessive allele combination. The was the most frequent allele in the studied set of spelt accessions, and it was found in combination with both the dominant and/or alleles in 88.3% of the spelt accessions tested. All spelt accessions carried the photoperiod-sensitive allele, which may explain the late heading of spelt germplasm compared to the commercial spring bread wheat Setenil used as a control. The least significant difference test showed significant differences between allelic combinations, the earliest accessions being those carrying two or three dominant alleles, followed by the one-gene combinations. In addition, the genetic diversity was evaluated through capillary electrophoresis using 15 wheat simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Most markers had high levels of polymorphism, producing 95 different alleles which ranged between 53 and 279 bp in size. Based on the polymorphic information content values obtained (from 0.51 to 0.97), 12 out of the 15 SSRs were catalogued as informative markers (values > 0.5). According to the dendrogram generated, the spelt accessions clustered as a separate group from the commercial bread wheat Setenil. Knowledge of and alleles, heading time, and genetic variability using SSR markers is valuable for spelt wheat breeding programs.
等位基因变异控制春化需求（）和光周期反应（）的基因决定了小麦对不同环境生长条件的适应能力，同时也影响与籽粒产量相关的其他性状。本研究旨在使用基因特异性分子标记筛选西班牙斯佩尔特小麦群体，研究在长光照和未经春化处理的条件下，对开花期（HD）进行田间和温室表型测定。55 个斯佩尔特基因型（91.7%）表现出春性生长习性，它们都携带至少一个显性等位基因，而 5 个（8.3%）基因型表现出冬性生长习性，它们携带三重隐性等位基因组合。在所研究的斯佩尔特群体中，等位基因是最常见的，并且在 88.3%的测试斯佩尔特群体中，它与显性等位基因和/或等位基因组合存在。所有斯佩尔特群体都携带对光周期敏感的等位基因，这可能解释了与用作对照的商业春性面包小麦 Setenil 相比，斯佩尔特种质资源开花较晚的原因。最小显著差异检验表明等位基因组合之间存在显著差异，最早的群体是携带两个或三个显性等位基因的群体，其次是单基因组合。此外，还通过毛细管电泳用 15 个小麦简单重复序列（SSR）标记评估了遗传多样性。大多数标记具有较高的多态性，产生了 95 个不同的等位基因，大小在 53-279bp 之间。根据获得的多态信息含量值（0.51-0.97），15 个 SSR 中有 12 个被归类为信息标记（值>0.5）。根据生成的聚类图，斯佩尔特群体与商业面包小麦 Setenil 聚类为不同的群体。等位基因、开花时间和使用 SSR 标记的遗传多样性知识对斯佩尔特小麦的育种计划具有重要价值。
