Wu Yuanlong, Shuai Runnan, Zhan Xiaoxu, Wang Qiangui, Tang Si, Gao Tingting, Zhao Yanyan, Yang Qichang, Bian Zhonghua
College of Agriculture and Animal, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 600001, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 30;26(9):4280. doi: 10.3390/ijms26094280.
Exposing wheat ( L.) seeds to a combination of light and low temperatures for 4-6 weeks, followed by transferring to speed breeding (SB) conditions, has been demonstrated to effectively reduce generation time in winter wheat. To reveal the underlying mechanisms of accelerated generation advancement in winter wheat, we investigated changes in transcriptome and the subsequent responses in plant growth, flowering of germinated seeds vernalized at 4 °C with white exposure (VL) or under dark conditions (VD) for 4 weeks before sowing, and subsequent growth under SB conditions. Germinated seeds without vernalization were directly sown under SB conditions and served as controls (Control). The results showed that, compared with Control and VD, VL significantly expedited vernalization, resulting in early flowering for around 6 days and accelerated ripening of progeny seeds for 13 days with a higher germination index and vigor index. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differently expressed genes (DEGs) involved in GA synthesis and its signal transduction both participated in the light-induced speed vernalization and the subsequent rapid growth and development of winter wheat. The MADS-box transcription factors, especially and , might play a vital role in the light- and low-temperature-induced early flowering. Our results stress the importance of light in vernalization and lay the groundwork for further elucidating the mechanisms underlying the light-induced speed vernalization of winter wheat.
将小麦（L.）种子置于光照和低温组合条件下4 - 6周，随后转移至快速育种（SB）条件下，已被证明可有效缩短冬小麦的生育期。为揭示冬小麦生育期加速提前的潜在机制，我们研究了转录组的变化以及播种前在4℃下经白光处理（VL）或黑暗条件（VD）春化4周的发芽种子在植物生长、开花方面的后续反应，以及在SB条件下的后续生长情况。未进行春化的发芽种子直接播种在SB条件下作为对照（Control）。结果表明，与对照和VD相比，VL显著加速了春化进程，使开花提前约6天，子代种子成熟加速13天，且发芽指数和活力指数更高。转录组分析表明，参与赤霉素合成及其信号转导的差异表达基因（DEGs）均参与了光诱导的快速春化以及冬小麦随后的快速生长和发育。MADS - box转录因子，尤其是 和 ，可能在光和低温诱导的早期开花中起关键作用。我们的结果强调了光在春化中的重要性，并为进一步阐明冬小麦光诱导快速春化的潜在机制奠定了基础。
