2016-2022 年英格兰水痘的流行病学：使用全科医生就诊的观察性研究。

The Epidemiology of Chickenpox in England, 2016-2022: An Observational Study Using General Practitioner Consultations.

机构信息

Real-Time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Services, Health Protection Operations, UK Health Security Agency, Birmingham B2 4BH, UK.

Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5EQ, UK.

出版信息

Viruses. 2023 Oct 27;15(11):2163. doi: 10.3390/v15112163.

DOI:10.3390/v15112163

PMID:38005841

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10674747/

Abstract

Chickenpox is a common childhood disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV). VZV vaccination is not part of the UK childhood immunisation programme, but its potential inclusion is regularly assessed. It is therefore important to understand the ongoing burden of VZV in the community to inform vaccine policy decisions. General practitioner (GP) chickenpox consultations were studied from 1 September 2016 to 9 December 2022. Over the study period, the mean weekly chickenpox consultation rate per 100,000 population in England was 3.4, with a regular peak occurring between weeks 13 and 15. Overall, rates decreased over time, from a mean weekly rate of 5.5 in 2017 to 4.2 in 2019. The highest mean weekly rates were among children aged 1-4 years. There was no typical epidemic peak during the COVID-19 pandemic, but in 2022, rates were proportionally higher among children aged < 1 year old compared to pre-pandemic years. Chickenpox GP consultation rates decreased in England, continuing a longer-term decline in the community. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted rates, likely caused by the introduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The lasting impact of the interruption of typical disease transmission remains to be seen, but it is important to monitor the chickenpox burden to inform decisions on vaccine programmes.

摘要

水痘是一种由水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）引起的常见儿童疾病。VZV 疫苗接种不在英国儿童免疫计划之列，但定期评估其纳入的可能性。因此，了解社区中 VZV 的持续负担对于告知疫苗政策决策非常重要。从 2016 年 9 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 9 日，对全科医生（GP）水痘咨询进行了研究。在研究期间，英格兰每 10 万人中每周平均水痘咨询率为 3.4，定期高峰出现在第 13 周到第 15 周之间。总体而言，随着时间的推移，发病率呈下降趋势，从 2017 年每周平均 5.5 例下降到 2019 年的 4.2 例。最高的每周平均发病率在 1-4 岁儿童中。在 COVID-19 大流行期间没有典型的流行高峰，但在 2022 年，与大流行前年份相比，<1 岁儿童的发病率比例更高。英格兰的水痘 GP 咨询率下降，这延续了社区中长期以来的下降趋势。COVID-19 大流行影响了发病率，这可能是由于为了预防 SARS-CoV-2 传播而采取了非药物干预措施。典型疾病传播中断的持续影响还有待观察，但监测水痘负担以告知疫苗计划决策非常重要。