Luong Hung Q, Lai Huong T L, Truong Lam Q, Nguyen The N, Vu Hanh D, Nguyen Hoa T, Nguyen Lan T, Pham Trang H, McVey D Scott, Vu Hiep L X
Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Nov 3;11(11):1687. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11111687.
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is circulating in many swine-producing countries, causing significant economic losses. It is observed that pigs experimentally vaccinated with a live-attenuated virus (LAV) but not a killed virus (KV) vaccine develop solid homologous protective immunity. The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze antibody profiles between pigs vaccinated with an LAV vaccine and those vaccinated with a KV vaccine to identify potential markers of vaccine-induced protection. Thirty ASFV seronegative pigs were divided into three groups: Group 1 received a single dose of an experimental LAV, Group 2 received two doses of an experimental KV vaccine, and Group 3 was kept as a non-vaccinated (NV) control. At 42 days post-vaccination, all pigs were challenged with the parental virulent ASFV strain and monitored for 21 days. All pigs vaccinated with the LAV vaccine survived the challenge. In contrast, eight pigs from the KV group and seven pigs from the NV group died within 14 days post-challenge. Serum samples collected on 41 days post-vaccination were analyzed for their reactivity against a panel of 29 viral structural proteins. The sera of pigs from the LAV group exhibited a strong antibody reactivity against various viral structural proteins, while the sera of pigs in the KV group only displayed weak antibody reactivity against the inner envelope (p32, p54, p12). There was a negative correlation between the intensity of antibody reactivity against five ASFV antigens, namely p12, p14, p15, p32, and pD205R, and the viral DNA titers in the blood of animals after the challenge infection. Thus, antibody reactivities against these five antigens warrant further evaluation as potential indicators of vaccine-induced protection.
非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）正在许多生猪生产国传播，造成重大经济损失。据观察，用减毒活病毒（LAV）而非灭活病毒（KV）疫苗进行实验性接种的猪会产生稳固的同源保护性免疫。本研究的目的是比较分析接种LAV疫苗的猪和接种KV疫苗的猪的抗体谱，以确定疫苗诱导保护的潜在标志物。30头ASFV血清阴性猪被分为三组：第1组接受单剂量实验性LAV，第2组接受两剂量实验性KV疫苗，第3组作为未接种（NV）对照。接种疫苗后42天，所有猪均用亲本强毒ASFV毒株进行攻毒，并监测21天。所有接种LAV疫苗的猪在攻毒后存活。相比之下，KV组的8头猪和NV组的7头猪在攻毒后14天内死亡。对接种疫苗后41天采集的血清样本进行分析，检测其对一组29种病毒结构蛋白的反应性。LAV组猪的血清对各种病毒结构蛋白表现出强烈的抗体反应性，而KV组猪的血清仅对内包膜（p32、p54、p12）表现出微弱的抗体反应性。动物攻毒感染后，针对五种ASFV抗原（即p12、p14、p15、p32和pD205R）的抗体反应强度与血液中的病毒DNA滴度呈负相关。因此，针对这五种抗原的抗体反应性作为疫苗诱导保护的潜在指标值得进一步评估。
