Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
Phytomedicine. 2024 Jan;123:155178. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155178. Epub 2023 Nov 3.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract with a remarkable impact on patients' quality of life. Toll-like receptors (TLR), as a key contributor of immune system in inflammation, has a critical role in the pathogenesis of IBD and thus, can be a suitable target of therapeutic agents. Medicinal plants have long been considered as a source of bioactive agents for different diseases, including IBD.
This review discusses current state of the art on the role of plant-derived compounds for the management of IBD with a focus on TLRs.
Electronic database including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to January 2023 and all studies in which anticolitis effects of a phytochemical was assessed via modulation of TLRs were considered.
Different categories of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids, terpenes, saccharides, and saponins have demonstrated modulatory effects on TLR in different animal and cell models of bowel inflammation. Flavonoids were the most studied phytochemicals amongst others. Also, TLR4 was the most important type of TLRs which were modulated by phytochemicals. Other mechanisms such as inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-κB pathway, nitric oxide synthesis pathway, cyclooxygenase-2, lipid peroxidation, as well as induction of endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms were also reported for phytochemicals in various IBD models.
Taken together, a growing body of pre-clinical evidence support the efficacy of herbal compounds for the treatment of IBD via modulation of TLRs. Future clinical studies are recommended to assess the safety and efficacy of these compounds in human.
炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种胃肠道内的慢性炎症，对患者的生活质量有显著影响。Toll 样受体（TLR）作为炎症反应中免疫系统的关键贡献者，在 IBD 的发病机制中起着至关重要的作用，因此可以成为治疗药物的合适靶点。药用植物长期以来被认为是治疗包括 IBD 在内的多种疾病的生物活性物质的来源。
本文综述了植物源性化合物在 IBD 治疗中的作用，重点讨论了 TLR 相关机制。
检索了PubMed、Web of Science 和 Scopus 等电子数据库，截至 2023 年 1 月，纳入了评估植物化学物质通过调节 TLR 对结肠炎的抗炎作用的所有研究。
不同类别的植物化学物质，包括类黄酮、木脂素、生物碱、萜类、糖类和皂苷，已在不同的肠道炎症动物和细胞模型中显示出对 TLR 的调节作用。类黄酮是除其他物质外研究最多的植物化学物质。此外，在植物化学物质调节 TLR 的过程中，TLR4 是最重要的 TLR 类型之一。其他机制，如抑制促炎细胞因子、核因子-κB 通路、一氧化氮合成途径、环氧化酶-2、脂质过氧化以及诱导内源性抗氧化防御机制，也在各种 IBD 模型中被报道。
越来越多的临床前证据表明，草药化合物通过调节 TLR 对 IBD 有治疗作用。建议进行未来的临床研究，以评估这些化合物在人类中的安全性和疗效。
