University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Mohali, Punjab, India.
University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Mohali, Punjab, India.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2024 Feb;119:105932. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105932. Epub 2023 Nov 21.
The four features of Parkinson's disease (PD), which also manifests other non-motor symptoms, are bradykinesia, tremor, postural instability, and stiffness. The pathogenic causes of Parkinsonism include Lewy bodies, intracellular protein clumps of αsynuclein, and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra's pars compacta region. The pathophysiology of PD is still poorly understood due to the complexity of the illness. The apoptotic cell death of neurons in PD, however, has been linked to a variety of intracellular mechanisms, according to a wide spectrum of study. The endoplasmic reticulum's stress, decreased levels of neurotrophic factors, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, catabolic alterations in dopamine, and decreased activity of tyrosine hydroxylase are some of these causes. The herbicide paraquat has been used in laboratory studies to create a variety of PD pathological features in numerous in-vitro and in-vivo animals. Due to the unique neurotoxicity that paraquat causes, understanding of the pathophysiology of PD has changed. Parkinson's disease (PD) is more likely to develop among people exposed to paraquat over an extended period of time, according to epidemiological studies. Thanks to this paradigm, the hunt for new therapy targets for PD has expanded. In both in-vitro and in-vivo models, the purpose of this study is to summarise the relationship between paraquat exposure and the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD).
帕金森病（PD）有四个特征，也表现出其他非运动症状，即运动迟缓、震颤、姿势不稳和僵硬。帕金森病的致病原因包括路易体、细胞内α-突触核蛋白的蛋白团块，以及黑质致密部多巴胺能神经元的退化。由于疾病的复杂性，PD 的病理生理学仍未被充分理解。然而，根据广泛的研究，PD 神经元的凋亡细胞死亡与多种细胞内机制有关。内质网应激、神经营养因子水平降低、氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、多巴胺的分解代谢改变以及酪氨酸羟化酶活性降低等都是导致这一现象的原因之一。在实验室研究中，除草剂百草枯已被用于在众多体外和体内动物中产生各种 PD 病理特征。由于百草枯具有独特的神经毒性，对 PD 病理生理学的理解已经发生了变化。根据流行病学研究，长期接触百草枯的人更有可能患上帕金森病。多亏了这一范例，人们对 PD 的新治疗靶点的探索也得以扩展。本研究的目的是在体外和体内模型中总结百草枯暴露与帕金森病（PD）发病之间的关系。
