泡腾片膳食补充剂和非处方药中的隐藏钠：一项比较性横断面研究。

Hidden sodium in effervescent-tablet dietary supplements and over-the-counter drugs: a comparative cross-sectional study.

机构信息

Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Saarland, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany

Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Saarland, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany.

出版信息

BMJ Open. 2023 Nov 27;13(11):e076302. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076302.

DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076302

PMID:38011966

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10685933/

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Dietary sodium intake represents a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. The study sought to analyse the sodium content of effervescent dietary supplements and drugs in Germany and the USA.

DESIGN

Comparative cross-sectional study.

SETTING AND METHODS

The sodium content of 39 dietary supplement effervescent tablets available in Germany was measured in May and June 2022 using optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma. The sodium content of 33 common pharmacy-only effervescent tablets (over-the-counter (OTC) drugs) in Germany was obtained from the summary of product characteristics. We compared the sodium content of the measured German dietary supplement effervescent tablets to that of 51 dietary supplement effervescent tablets available in the USA (data: National Institutes of Health's Dietary Supplement Label Database).

RESULTS

The measured sodium content in the German dietary supplements was 283.9±122.6 mg sodium/tablet, equivalent to 14±6% of the maximum recommended daily sodium intake (MRDSI). Vitamin products had the highest (378.3±112.8 mg, 19±6% of MRDSI), and calcium products had the lowest mean sodium content (170.4±113.2 mg, 9±6% of MRDSI). Vitamin products contained significantly more sodium than magnesium (378.3 mg vs 232.7 mg; p=0.004), calcium (378.3 mg vs 170.4 mg; p=0.006) and mineral products (378.3 mg vs 191.6 mg; p=0.048). The sodium content measured in products available in Germany was higher when compared with the declared sodium content on the label of the products sold in the USA (283.9 mg vs 190.0 mg; p<0.001). The median summary of product characteristics-declared sodium content of a single dose of the German OTC drugs was 157.0 mg (IQR: 98.9-417.3 mg); pain/common cold drugs contained the most sodium (median: 452.1 mg; IQR: 351.3-474.0 mg).

CONCLUSION

Effervescent tablets of nutritional supplements and OTC drugs contain high amounts of sodium, which often is not disclosed.

摘要

目的

饮食钠摄入量是心血管疾病和死亡率的一个风险因素。本研究旨在分析德国和美国泡腾膳食补充剂和药物中的钠含量。

设计

比较性横断面研究。

地点和方法

2022 年 5 月至 6 月，使用电感耦合氩等离子体发射光谱法测量了德国市场上 39 种可食用泡腾膳食补充剂的钠含量。德国常见的 33 种仅限药房销售的泡腾片（非处方药）的钠含量来源于产品特性摘要。我们比较了所测量的德国膳食补充剂泡腾片的钠含量与美国 51 种膳食补充剂泡腾片的钠含量（数据：美国国立卫生研究院膳食补充剂标签数据库）。

结果

德国膳食补充剂中的测量钠含量为 283.9±122.6mg 钠/片，相当于最大推荐日摄入量（MRDSI）的 14±6%。维生素产品的钠含量最高（378.3±112.8mg，MRDSI 的 19±6%），钙产品的钠含量最低（170.4±113.2mg，MRDSI 的 9±6%）。维生素产品的钠含量明显高于镁（378.3mg 比 232.7mg；p=0.004）、钙（378.3mg 比 170.4mg；p=0.006）和矿物质产品（378.3mg 比 191.6mg；p=0.048）。与美国销售产品标签上的申报钠含量相比，德国销售产品的测量钠含量更高（283.9mg 比 190.0mg；p<0.001）。德国非处方药单剂量的产品特性摘要申报的钠含量中位数为 157.0mg（IQR：98.9-417.3mg）；止痛/感冒药物含钠量最高（中位数：452.1mg；IQR：351.3-474.0mg）。