Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China.
Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Nov 24;102(47):e36045. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036045.
As individuals age, cancer becomes increasingly common. This continually rising risk can be attributed to various interconnected factors that influence the body's susceptibility to cancer. Among these factors, the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues and the subsequent decline in immune cell function and proliferative potential are collectively referred to as immunosenescence. Reduced T-cell production, changes in secretory phenotypes, increased glycolysis, and the generation of reactive oxygen species are characteristics of immunosenescence that contribute to cancer susceptibility. In the tumor microenvironment, senescent immune cells may promote the growth and spread of tumors through multiple pathways, thereby affecting the effectiveness of immunotherapy. In recent years, immunosenescence has gained increasing attention due to its critical role in tumor development. However, our understanding of how immunosenescence specifically impacts cancer immunotherapy remains limited, primarily due to the underrepresentation of elderly patients in clinical trials. Furthermore, there are several age-related intervention methods, including metformin and rapamycin, which involve genetic and pharmaceutical approaches. This article aims to elucidate the defining characteristics of immunosenescence and its impact on malignant tumors and immunotherapy. We particularly focus on the future directions of cancer treatment, exploring the complex interplay between immunosenescence, cancer, and potential interventions.
随着个体年龄的增长，癌症变得越来越常见。这种持续上升的风险可以归因于各种相互关联的因素，这些因素影响着身体对癌症的易感性。在这些因素中，组织中衰老细胞的积累以及随后免疫细胞功能和增殖潜力的下降被统称为免疫衰老。免疫衰老的特征包括 T 细胞产生减少、分泌表型改变、糖酵解增加和活性氧生成增加，这些特征导致了癌症易感性。在肿瘤微环境中，衰老的免疫细胞可能通过多种途径促进肿瘤的生长和扩散，从而影响免疫疗法的效果。近年来，由于免疫衰老在肿瘤发展中的关键作用，它越来越受到关注。然而，我们对免疫衰老如何具体影响癌症免疫疗法的理解仍然有限，主要是因为临床试验中老年人患者的代表性不足。此外，还有几种与年龄相关的干预方法，包括二甲双胍和雷帕霉素，它们涉及遗传和药物方法。本文旨在阐明免疫衰老的特征及其对恶性肿瘤和免疫疗法的影响。我们特别关注癌症治疗的未来方向，探讨免疫衰老、癌症和潜在干预措施之间的复杂相互作用。
