Liu Zi-Jun, Yang Mandy, Deng Meng-Zhao, Abdelfattah Mohamed Yehia, Baldwin Michael, Weaver Edward
University of Washington.
Universiyt of Washington.
Res Sq. 2023 Nov 16:rs.3.rs-3581408. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3581408/v1.
It is largely unknown how the tongue base and soft palate deform to alter the configuration of the oropharyngeal airway during respiration. This study is to address this important gap. After live sleep monitoring of 5 Yucatan and 2 Panepinto minipigs to verify obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 8 and 4 ultrasonic crystals were implanted into the tongue base and soft palate to circumscribe a cubic and square region, respectively. The 3D and 2D dimensional changes of the circumscribed regions were measured simultaneously with electromyographic activity (EMG) of the oropharyngeal muscles during spontaneous respiration under sedated sleep. The results indicated that both obese Yucatan and Panepinto minipigs presented spontaneous OSA, but not in 3 non-obese Yucatan minipigs. During inspiration, the tongue base showed elongation in both dorsal and ventral regions but thinning and thickening in the anterior and posterior regions respectively. The widths showed opposite directions, widening in the dorsal but narrowing in the ventral regions. The soft palate expanded in both length and width. Compared to normal controls, obese/OSA ones showed similar directions of dimensional changes, but the magnitude of change was two times larger in the tongue base and soft palate, and obese/OSA Panepinto minipigs presented 10 times larger changes in all dimensions of both the tongue base and the soft palate. The opposite direction of the respiratory spatial relationship between these two structures was seen in obese/OSA as compared to normal minipigs.
在呼吸过程中，舌根和软腭如何变形以改变口咽气道的形态，目前很大程度上尚不清楚。本研究旨在填补这一重要空白。对5只尤卡坦小型猪和2只帕内平托小型猪进行实时睡眠监测以验证阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）后，分别在舌根和软腭植入8个和4个超声晶体，以界定一个立方体区域和一个正方形区域。在镇静睡眠状态下的自主呼吸过程中，同时测量界定区域的三维和二维尺寸变化以及口咽肌肉的肌电图活动（EMG）。结果表明，肥胖的尤卡坦小型猪和帕内平托小型猪均出现自发性OSA，但3只非肥胖的尤卡坦小型猪未出现。吸气时，舌根在背侧和腹侧区域均显示伸长，但在前部和后部区域分别变薄和变厚。宽度变化方向相反，背侧变宽而腹侧变窄。软腭在长度和宽度上均扩张。与正常对照组相比，肥胖/OSA组在尺寸变化方向上相似，但舌根和软腭的变化幅度是正常组的两倍，肥胖/OSA的帕内平托小型猪在舌根和软腭的所有尺寸上的变化是正常组的10倍。与正常小型猪相比，肥胖/OSA小型猪这两个结构之间的呼吸空间关系方向相反。
