Michael Cleanthis, Taxali Aman, Angstadt Mike, Kardan Omid, Weigard Alexander, Molloy M Fiona, McCurry Katherine L, Hyde Luke W, Heitzeg Mary M, Sripada Chandra
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
bioRxiv. 2023 Nov 13:2023.11.08.565517. doi: 10.1101/2023.11.08.565517.
Socioeconomic resources (SER) calibrate the developing brain to the current context, which can confer or attenuate risk for psychopathology across the lifespan. Recent multivariate work indicates that SER levels powerfully influence intrinsic functional connectivity patterns across the entire brain. Nevertheless, the neurobiological meaning of these widespread alterations remains poorly understood, despite its translational promise for early risk identification, targeted intervention, and policy reform. In the present study, we leverage the resources of graph theory to precisely characterize multivariate and univariate associations between household SER and the functional integration and segregation (i.e., participation coefficient, within-module degree) of brain regions across major cognitive, affective, and sensorimotor systems during the resting state in 5,821 youth (ages 9-10 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. First, we establish that decomposing the brain into profiles of integration and segregation captures more than half of the multivariate association between SER and functional connectivity with greater parsimony (100-fold reduction in number of features) and interpretability. Second, we show that the topological effects of SER are not uniform across the brain; rather, higher SER levels are related to greater integration of somatomotor and subcortical systems, but greater segregation of default mode, orbitofrontal, and cerebellar systems. Finally, we demonstrate that the effects of SER are spatially patterned along the unimodal-transmodal gradient of brain organization. These findings provide critical interpretive context for the established and widespread effects of SER on brain organization, indicating that SER levels differentially configure the intrinsic functional architecture of developing unimodal and transmodal systems. This study highlights both sensorimotor and higher-order networks that may serve as neural markers of environmental stress and opportunity, and which may guide efforts to scaffold healthy neurobehavioral development among disadvantaged communities of youth.
社会经济资源（SER）使发育中的大脑适应当前环境，这可能在整个生命周期中赋予或减轻精神病理学风险。最近的多变量研究表明，SER水平对全脑的内在功能连接模式有强大影响。然而，尽管这些广泛变化的神经生物学意义在早期风险识别、靶向干预和政策改革方面具有转化前景，但仍知之甚少。在本研究中，我们利用图论资源精确表征家庭SER与来自青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究的5821名9至10岁青少年静息状态下主要认知、情感和感觉运动系统脑区的功能整合与分离（即参与系数、模块内度数）之间的多变量和单变量关联。首先，我们确定将大脑分解为整合和分离特征能够以更高的简约性（特征数量减少100倍）和可解释性捕捉SER与功能连接之间多变量关联的一半以上。其次，我们表明SER的拓扑效应在大脑中并不均匀；相反，较高的SER水平与躯体运动和皮层下系统的更大整合相关，但与默认模式、眶额和小脑系统的更大分离相关。最后，我们证明SER的效应沿大脑组织的单峰-跨峰梯度呈空间模式分布。这些发现为SER对大脑组织已确立且广泛的影响提供了关键的解释背景，表明SER水平以不同方式配置发育中的单峰和跨峰系统的内在功能结构。本研究突出了感觉运动和高阶网络，它们可能作为环境压力和机遇的神经标志物，并可能指导在弱势青年社区中促进健康神经行为发展的努力。
