Sailer A, Wallner A, Haidegger M, Dünser M
Institut für Veterinärmedizinische Untersuchungen Innsbruck.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2023 Dec;165(12):783-791. doi: 10.17236/sat00413.
After the successful eradication of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle in Austria, the risk of infections with the border disease virus (BDV) remains. Both viruses belong to the pestivirus genus. BDV infections lead to false-positive results in BVDV surveillance. This can be attributed to the contact to small ruminant populations. In particular, keeping cattle together with sheep or goats on a farm or alpine pasture are significant risk factors. Between 2015 and 2022, BDV type 3 was detected in 15 cattles in Austria. These animals were almost exclusively persistently infected calves. However, a positive antibody result for pestiviruses can lead to an extremely time-consuming and costly, and not always successful search for the source of the infection if no active virus excretor is found. This study documents how small ruminants can be integrated into pestivirus monitoring with a manageable amount of work and costs. 23 406 sheep and goat samples from two brucellosis surveillance programs in small ruminants were analyzed retrospectively. Blood samples were examined using pestivirus real-time pool RT-PCR (qPCR). Direct virus detection of BDV-3 was achieved in 40 sheep from five different federal states. Over the entire investigation period a further 37 detections of BDV-3 were found in cattle, sheep and goats outside of this study throughout Austria. This study accounts for 52 % of all border disease detections from 2015 to 2022. By including small ruminants in pestivirus monitoring, the disruptive factor BDV and the risk of its introduction into cattle herds can be significantly minimized in the future.
在奥地利成功根除牛群中的牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）后，边境病病毒（BDV）感染风险依然存在。这两种病毒均属于瘟病毒属。BDV感染会导致BVDV监测出现假阳性结果。这可能归因于与小型反刍动物种群的接触。特别是，在农场或高山牧场将牛与绵羊或山羊混养是重要的风险因素。2015年至2022年期间，奥地利在15头牛中检测到3型BDV。这些动物几乎都是持续感染的犊牛。然而，如果未发现活跃的病毒排泄者，瘟病毒抗体检测呈阳性可能会导致寻找感染源的过程极其耗时、成本高昂，而且并不总是成功。本研究记录了如何以可控的工作量和成本将小型反刍动物纳入瘟病毒监测。回顾性分析了来自小型反刍动物两个布鲁氏菌病监测项目的23406份绵羊和山羊样本。使用瘟病毒实时混合逆转录聚合酶链反应（qPCR）检测血样。在来自五个不同联邦州的40只绵羊中直接检测到了3型BDV。在整个调查期间，在奥地利境内本研究之外的牛、绵羊和山羊中又发现了37次3型BDV检测结果。本研究占2015年至2022年所有边境病检测结果的52%。通过将小型反刍动物纳入瘟病毒监测，未来可显著降低干扰因素BDV及其引入牛群的风险。
