Danuser R, Vogt H-R, Kaufmann Th, Peterhans E, Zanoni R
Institute of Veterinary Virology, Department for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Ruminants, University of Berne.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2009 Mar;151(3):109-17. doi: 10.1024/0036-7281.151.3.109.
The seroprevalence of pestivirus infections in small ruminants and new world camelids in Switzerland was determined. In 5'059 sera of sheep from 382 herds, 503 sera of goats from 54 herds and 109 sera of alpacas and lamas from 53 herds, population prevalences of 16.1% (sheep), 25.4% (goats) and 4.6% (new world camelids), respectively, were found. In order to determine the source of infection, the serological reactions were further characterized by cross-neutralization against two pestiviruses representing the genotypes BVDV (Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus)-1 and BDV (Border Disease Virus)-1. Based on the ratio of respective antibody titres, 56.1% of the infections in sheep were induced by a BDV-1, 12.9% by a BVDV-1 and 31.0% by an unresolved pestivirus. In goats, the corresponding proportions were 23.4%, 10.2% and 66.4%, respectively. In Alpacas and Lamas, the source of infection of 1 animal was BDV-1 and that of 4 seropositive animals remained unresolved. In view of the phylogenetic relationship between pestiviruses, the unresolved source of infection is most probably attributable to other pestivirus genotypes circulating in small ruminants and new world camelids. Due to the predominance of pestiviral genotypes other than BVDV-1, the risk of transmission of BVDV from persistently infected small ruminants and new world camelids to cattle appears to be moderate, apart from close direct contact in mixed animal husbandry, communal pasturing and grazing in the Alps.
测定了瑞士小型反刍动物和新大陆骆驼科动物中瘟病毒感染的血清流行率。在来自382个羊群的5059份绵羊血清、来自54个羊群的503份山羊血清以及来自53个羊群的109份羊驼和美洲驼血清中，分别发现群体流行率为16.1%（绵羊）、25.4%（山羊）和4.6%（新大陆骆驼科动物）。为了确定感染源，通过针对代表BVDV（牛病毒性腹泻病毒）-1和BDV（边界病病毒）-1基因型的两种瘟病毒进行交叉中和试验，进一步对血清学反应进行了特征分析。根据各自抗体滴度的比例，绵羊感染中56.1%由BDV-1引起，12.9%由BVDV-1引起，31.0%由未明确的瘟病毒引起。在山羊中，相应比例分别为23.4%、10.2%和66.4%。在羊驼和美洲驼中，1只动物的感染源为BDV-1，4只血清阳性动物的感染源仍未明确。鉴于瘟病毒之间的系统发育关系，未明确的感染源很可能归因于在小型反刍动物和新大陆骆驼科动物中传播的其他瘟病毒基因型。由于除BVDV-1以外的瘟病毒基因型占主导地位，除了在混合畜牧、公共放牧和阿尔卑斯山区放牧中的密切直接接触外，持续感染的小型反刍动物和新大陆骆驼科动物将BVDV传播给牛的风险似乎适中。
