Master in Sports Science, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2023 Nov 28;18(11):e0288730. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288730. eCollection 2023.
The importance of leptin in controlling body mass has recently gained more attention. Its levels are directly associated with the amount of fat mass, but not necessarily dependent on it. Exercise has great potential in reducing leptin levels, however the response of exercise to this cytokine is still not well understood.
The objective of the review was to analyze the effects of physical exercise on plasma leptin concentration, either acutely (post-exercise/training session) and/or after a training period (short- or long-term), as well as to investigate the existence of possible moderating variables.
The studies included in this systematic review were published between 2005 and May 2023. Only peer-reviewed studies, available in English, performed with humans that evaluated the effects of any form of exercise on leptin levels were included. The search was conducted on May 03, 2023, in Embase (Elsevier), MEDLINE via PubMed®, and Web of Science (Core collection). The risk of bias in the included trials was assessed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database tool, considering 11 questions regarding the methodology of each study with 10 questions being scored. The data (n, mean, and standard deviation) were extracted from included studies to perform random effects meta-analyses using standardized mean difference between the pre- and post-intervention effects.
Twenty-five studies (acute effect: 262 subjects; short- and long-term effect: 377 subjects) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Short- and long-term physical exercise and caloric restriction plus exercise reduce plasma leptin levels, presenting statistically significant differences (p<0.001); as well as acute effect (p = 0.035), however the latter result was influenced by the pre-exercise meal as shown in the subgroup analysis. In this meta-analysis the effect of moderating factors on leptin reduction, not addressed by past reviews, is verified, such as the relationship with caloric restriction, exercise intensity and pre-exercise meal on acute responses.
Both acute and chronic exercise reduce leptin levels, yet the acute effect is dependent on the pre-exercise meal. In addition to having a long-term reduction in leptin levels, the minimum amount of weekly exercise to have a significant reduction in plasma leptin is 180 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise and 120 minutes of high-intensity exercise.
瘦素在控制体重方面的重要性最近受到了更多关注。其水平与脂肪量直接相关，但不一定依赖于脂肪量。运动在降低瘦素水平方面具有很大的潜力，然而，运动对这种细胞因子的反应仍然不太清楚。
本综述的目的是分析身体运动对血浆瘦素浓度的影响，无论是急性（运动/训练后）和/或经过一段时间的训练（短期或长期），并研究是否存在可能的调节变量。
本系统综述纳入的研究发表于 2005 年至 2023 年 5 月期间。仅纳入了同行评议的研究，发表于英文期刊，对象为人类，评估任何形式的运动对瘦素水平的影响。检索于 2023 年 5 月 3 日在 Embase（Elsevier）、PubMed®上的 MEDLINE 和 Web of Science（核心合集）进行。通过 Physiotherapy Evidence Database 工具评估纳入试验的偏倚风险，该工具考虑了 11 个关于每个研究方法的问题，其中 10 个问题的得分。从纳入的研究中提取数据（n、平均值和标准差），以进行随机效应荟萃分析，使用干预前后的标准化均数差值。
本系统综述和荟萃分析纳入了 25 项研究（急性效应：262 名受试者；短期和长期效应：377 名受试者）。短期和长期的身体运动和运动结合热量限制降低了血浆瘦素水平，差异具有统计学意义（p<0.001）；急性效应也有统计学意义（p = 0.035），但后者的结果受到运动前饮食的影响，亚组分析结果显示。在本荟萃分析中，还验证了过去综述未涉及的调节因素对瘦素减少的影响，例如与热量限制、运动强度和运动前饮食的关系对急性反应的影响。
急性和慢性运动均可降低瘦素水平，但急性效应取决于运动前的饮食。除了长期降低瘦素水平外，每周进行 180 分钟中等强度运动和 120 分钟高强度运动可显著降低血浆瘦素水平。
