Bakhle Y S, Morton I K, Straughan D W, Webster R A
Br J Pharmacol. 1986 Mar;87(3):463-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1986.tb10185.x.
The results presented in this Report on the Organization of Pharmacology in the United Kingdom are based on replies to questionnaires sent out in 1983. In addition to academic and industrial research and development (R&D) departments we also surveyed industrial departments of toxicology, sales, clinical liaison and medical information, as well as specialized research units with no formal teaching function. The overall response rate was 87%. Since the last Report in 1971, the total number of pharmacologists has doubled to 2220, and they are now almost equally distributed between Universities and Industry. The most striking feature has been a major (3 fold) increase in the total number of industrial pharmacologists to 1014. In contrast, there was only a 1.3 fold increase in the number (99) of pharmacologists in established academic posts, over half of which are in the new departments of clinical pharmacology. Of the established pharmacologists in academic departments only 8% were less than 30 years of age and 22% over 50, whereas in industrial R&D departments the corresponding figures were 44% and 6% respectively. Since 1971 the proportion of pharmacy graduates in established academic or industrial R&D posts has fallen from 30% to 13% but the proportion with a medical qualification is almost unchanged. In academic departments, there was a net loss of established staff during 1982 and 1983 compared with a net gain of almost 100 appointments in industrial departments. The major single cause of academic pharmacologists leaving posts was early retirement, whilst in the industrial sector the major single destination was another industrial department. In 1983, 227 students graduated with a special B.Sc. degree in Pharmacology compared with 67 in 1971. The same period saw a decline in pharmacy students specializing in pharmacology (293 to 204) and the emergence of Joint Honours courses that include pharmacology. Pharmacology students who graduated in 1983 were also sent a questionnaire. From those responding (57%) over 90% were satisfied with their course and over 80% considered it adequate preparation for their future occupation. At the time of the survey in 1983, only 8% of students graduating in 1982 were unemployed, but all of the 1982 postgraduates were employed.
本《联合王国药理学组织报告》中的结果基于对1983年发出的调查问卷的回复。除学术和工业研发部门外，我们还调查了工业毒理学、销售、临床联络和医学信息部门，以及没有正式教学职能的专业研究单位。总体回复率为87%。自1971年的上一份报告以来，药理学家的总数翻了一番，达到2220人，现在他们在大学和工业界的分布几乎相等。最显著的特点是工业药理学家的总数大幅增加（3倍），达到1014人。相比之下，既定学术岗位上的药理学家人数（99人）仅增加了1.3倍，其中一半以上在新成立的临床药理学系。在学术部门既定的药理学家中，只有8%年龄不到30岁，22%年龄超过50岁，而在工业研发部门，相应的数字分别为44%和6%。自1971年以来，在既定学术或工业研发岗位上的药学专业毕业生比例从30%降至13%，但具有医学资格的比例几乎没有变化。在学术部门，1982年和1983年有既定员工净流失，而工业部门则有近100个新入职岗位的净增加。学术药理学家离职的主要单一原因是提前退休，而在工业部门，主要的单一去向是另一个工业部门。1983年，有227名学生获得了药理学专业的理学学士学位，而1971年为67名。同期，专门从事药理学的药学专业学生人数有所下降（从293人降至204人），并且出现了包括药理学的联合荣誉课程。1983年毕业的药理学专业学生也收到了一份调查问卷。在回复的学生中（57%），超过90%对他们的课程感到满意，超过80%认为该课程为他们未来的职业提供了充分的准备。在1983年进行调查时，1982年毕业的学生中只有8%失业，但所有1982年的研究生都已就业。
