Varela Marina T, de Castro Levatti Erica V, Tempone Andre G, Fernandes João Paulo S
Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau 210, Diadema, SP 09913-030, Brazil.
Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil.
ACS Omega. 2023 Nov 9;8(46):44265-44275. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06977. eCollection 2023 Nov 21.
Melanin is a substance that plays important roles in several organisms. Its function as an antioxidant and metal-complexing agent makes tyrosinase, the key enzyme that controls melanogenesis, an interesting target for designing inhibitors. In this article, we report a set of piperazine/piperidine amides of benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors with improved potency and drug-likeness. The most potent compound showed a pIC of 4.99 in the monophenolase assay, and only compound showed reasonable potency in the diphenolase assay (pIC, 4.18). These activities are not correlated to antiradical activity, suggesting that the activity is dependent on competition with the substrates. Molecular docking studies indicated that the benzyl substituent of and other analogues perform important interactions in the enzyme that may explain the higher potency of these compounds. Moreover, the compounds present adequate lipophilicity and skin permeability and no relevant cytotoxicity (CC > 200 μM) to mammalian cells.
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