School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, No.1 Tianqiang Road, Guangzhou, 510620, China.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Dec 6;23(1):2433. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17398-6.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Unhealthy dietary habit is one of major risk factors of NAFLD. However, the associations between specific types of fish and meat consumption and NAFLD remain inconclusive. We explored the associations of fish and meat consumption with NAFLD risk in middle-aged and older Chinese.
We collected information on 1,862 participants aged 50 years or older from Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study in 2009 to 2010. Fish and meat consumption was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasound. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations of fish and meat consumption with the presence of NAFLD.
The average age was 61.0 (standard deviation = 6.5) years for the participants, 50.2% were women, and 37.2% were diagnosed with NAFLD. After adjusting for age, sex, education, family income, occupation, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity and several metabolic traits, compared with 0 serving/week (one serving = 50 g), fatty fish consumption of ≥ 3 servings/week showed higher odds of NAFLD (odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.64 (1.12, 2.39)). The highest (≥ 11 servings/week of red meat and poultry; ≥ 3 servings/week of processed meat) versus the lowest (0-3 servings/week of red meat and poultry; 0 serving/week of processed meat) consumption of all other types of meats, including red meat, poultry and processed meat, showed no association with NAFLD (1.17 (0.75, 1.81), 1.02 (0.42, 2.50) and 0.85 (0.50, 1.45), respectively). Aquatic and sea food, and red meat had negative indirect effects on NAFLD via systolic blood pressure and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Processed meat had positive indirect effects on NAFLD via body mass index, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides.
High consumption of fatty fish was associated with higher NAFLD risk. Our results, if causal, provide evidence that limiting consumption of fatty fish can be considered as part of NAFLD lifestyle prevention and treatment.
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是最常见的慢性肝病。不健康的饮食习惯是 NAFLD 的主要危险因素之一。然而，特定类型的鱼类和肉类消费与 NAFLD 之间的关系仍不确定。我们探讨了中年和老年人中鱼类和肉类消费与 NAFLD 风险之间的关系。
我们于 2009 年至 2010 年从广州生物银行队列研究中收集了 1862 名年龄在 50 岁或以上的参与者的信息。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估鱼类和肉类的摄入量。通过超声诊断 NAFLD。多变量逻辑回归用于检查鱼类和肉类消费与 NAFLD 存在之间的关系。
参与者的平均年龄为 61.0（标准差=6.5）岁，50.2%为女性，37.2%被诊断为 NAFLD。调整年龄、性别、教育程度、家庭收入、职业、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、身体活动和几种代谢特征后，与每周 0 份（1 份=50g）相比，每周食用≥3 份肥鱼的人群患 NAFLD 的几率更高（比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）：1.64（1.12，2.39））。与其他所有类型的肉类（包括红肉、家禽和加工肉类）的最低摄入量（每周 0-3 份红肉和家禽；每周 0 份加工肉类）相比，所有其他类型的肉类（包括红肉、家禽和加工肉类）的最高摄入量（每周≥11 份红肉和家禽；每周≥3 份加工肉类）与 NAFLD 无关（1.17（0.75，1.81）、1.02（0.42，2.50）和 0.85（0.50，1.45））。水生和海产食品以及红肉通过收缩压和/或高密度脂蛋白胆固醇对 NAFLD 具有负间接影响。加工肉类通过体重指数、腰围、空腹血糖和甘油三酯对 NAFLD 具有正间接影响。
大量食用肥鱼与较高的 NAFLD 风险相关。如果这些结果是因果关系，则提供了证据表明限制肥鱼的摄入可以作为 NAFLD 生活方式预防和治疗的一部分。
