Hahn Lea-Sofie, Thiel Ansgar, Trüb Dorothée, Eschweiler Gerhard W, Nieß Andreas M, Sudeck Gorden, Frahsa Annika
Institute of Sports Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2023 Dec 6;20(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s11556-023-00332-5.
The Covid-19 outbreak in spring of 2020 posed an array of challenges for nursing homes, including promoting resident physical activity (PA). Given the diversity of factors affecting resident PA, we explored how activity patterns outside weekly-scheduled structured activities changed during the pandemic and what factors promoted or inhibited PA during the pandemic.
We conducted systematic direct observations over 823.5 h in eight nursing homes in Southern Germany in 2020 and 2021.
In 2020, 84.7% of person observation units were classified as sedentary (average activity level: 1.14 MET). In 2021, the percentage increased to 91.6% of observed person units (average activity level: 1.08 MET) (t = 6.947; p = .000). According to tree classification, influencing factors of PA included mealtime and daytime in 2020 and 2021, as well as presence of men residents only in 2020 and guided low threshold activities in 2021.
Nursing homes constitute highly sedentary places-an issue exacerbated by access restrictions for external activity experts and significant others as well as behavioural restrictions for residents during the Covid-19 pandemic. Staff could not compensate due to existing time restraints and lack of training in PA promotion. Based on our findings, we recommend future studies to develop feasible and resource-low activities to be integrated into the daily routines of nursing homes.
2020年春季新冠疫情的爆发给养老院带来了一系列挑战，包括促进居民身体活动（PA）。鉴于影响居民身体活动的因素多种多样，我们探讨了在疫情期间，每周定期安排的结构化活动之外的活动模式是如何变化的，以及在疫情期间促进或抑制身体活动的因素有哪些。
2020年和2021年，我们在德国南部的八家养老院进行了823.5小时的系统直接观察。
2020年，84.7%的个体观察单位被归类为久坐不动（平均活动水平：1.14代谢当量）。2021年，这一比例上升至观察个体单位的91.6%（平均活动水平：1.08代谢当量）（t = 6.947；p = 0.000）。根据树状分类，2020年和2021年身体活动的影响因素包括用餐时间和白天时间，以及2020年仅有男性居民在场和2021年有低门槛引导活动。
养老院是久坐不动情况非常严重的场所——在新冠疫情期间，外部活动专家和重要他人的访问限制以及居民的行为限制使这一问题更加严重。由于现有的时间限制以及缺乏促进身体活动方面的培训，工作人员无法做出弥补。基于我们的研究结果，我们建议未来的研究开发可行且资源消耗低的活动，融入养老院的日常活动中。
