Frahsa Annika, Altmeier Dorothee, John Jannika M, Gropper Hannes, Granz Hanna, Pomiersky Rebekka, Haigis Daniel, Eschweiler Gerhard W, Nieß Andreas M, Sudeck Gorden, Thiel Ansgar
Institute of Sport Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Front Sports Act Living. 2020 Oct 7;2:589214. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.589214. eCollection 2020.
The health-enhancing benefits or regular physical activity (PA) reach into old age. With the emergence of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the associated national lockdowns and restrictions, nursing home residents were restrained from being physically active. In our study, we aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19-related restrictions on PA promotion in nursing homes from an organizational-sociological lens. We collected data in eight nursing homes in Germany. Data collection included (i) semistructured interviews focusing on COVID-19-related restrictions and their effects on nursing homes from the home administrators' perspectives; (ii) open-ended surveys with nursing home staff and relatives focusing on daily routines and contact restrictions; and (iii) collection of documents such as care concepts, mission statements, and weekly activity plans. We analyzed all data with a reflexive thematic analysis approach. We identified three stages of COVID-19-related changes in nursing homes that impacted PA promotion, as follows: (1) external closure and search for emergency control, (2) organizational adaptations to create a livable daily life in the internal environment, and (3) slow reintegration of interactions with the external organizational environment. Document analysis revealed that PA promotion was not part of decision programs or internal staff work descriptions. Rather, PA promotion was delegated to external service providers. The assignment of PA promotion to external providers was not structurally anchored in decision programs, which makes PA promotion not sustainable, particularly during unforeseen events that limit access to the organization. During the pandemic, executive staff believed in internal staff to buffer competencies with regard to PA promotion. Thus, executive staff often considered PA promotion relevant, even during the pandemic, but thought that PA promotion is a task that can be fulfilled by unqualified but motivated internal staff. While our study participants showed a high level of coping-capacity belief, it remains unclear which long-term impacts of COVID-19 on PA promotion in nursing homes are to be expected. At the practice level, executive staff in nursing homes that aim to promote PA within their organization should become aware that PA promotion needs to be incorporated into organizational structures to be implemented and continued in challenging times such as in a pandemic.
定期进行体育活动（PA）对健康的益处会持续到老年。随着2019年冠状病毒病（COVID - 19）大流行的出现以及相关的全国封锁和限制措施，养老院居民的身体活动受到了限制。在我们的研究中，我们旨在从组织社会学的角度评估与COVID - 19相关的限制措施对养老院体育活动促进的影响。我们在德国的八家养老院收集了数据。数据收集包括：（i）以养老院管理人员的视角进行的半结构化访谈，重点关注与COVID - 19相关的限制措施及其对养老院的影响；（ii）针对养老院工作人员和亲属的开放式调查，重点关注日常活动和接触限制；（iii）收集护理理念、使命声明和每周活动计划等文件。我们采用反思性主题分析方法对所有数据进行了分析。我们确定了养老院中与COVID - 19相关的变化影响体育活动促进的三个阶段，如下：（1）外部封闭与寻求应急控制；（2）组织调整以在内部环境中创造宜居的日常生活；（3）与外部组织环境互动的缓慢重新整合。文件分析表明，体育活动促进并非决策程序或内部员工工作描述的一部分。相反，体育活动促进被委托给了外部服务提供商。将体育活动促进工作分配给外部提供商在决策程序中没有结构性的依据，这使得体育活动促进工作不可持续，尤其是在限制进入机构的意外事件期间。在大流行期间，管理人员相信内部员工在体育活动促进方面有缓冲能力。因此，管理人员通常认为体育活动促进即使在大流行期间也是相关的，但认为体育活动促进是一项可以由不合格但有积极性的内部员工完成的任务。虽然我们的研究参与者表现出了较高水平的应对能力信念，但COVID - 19对养老院体育活动促进的长期影响仍不清楚。在实践层面，旨在在其机构内促进体育活动的养老院管理人员应意识到，体育活动促进需要纳入组织结构，以便在大流行等具有挑战性的时期得以实施和持续。
