Cambridge Centre for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK.
CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91405 Orsay, France.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Nov 29;20(23):7121. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20237121.
The duplication of chromosome 21, as evidenced in Down Syndrome (DS), has been linked to contraindications to health, such as chronotropic and respiratory incompetence, neuromuscular conditions, and impaired cognitive functioning. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of eight weeks of prescribed exercise and/or cognitive training on the physical and cognitive health of adults with DS. Eighty-three participants (age 27.1 ± 8.0 years) across five continents participated. Physical fitness was assessed using a modified version of the six-minute walk test (6MWT), while cognitive and executive functions were assessed using the Corsi block test, the Sustained-Attention-To-Response Task (SART), and the Stroop task (STROOP). All were completed pre- and post-intervention. Participants were assigned to eight weeks of either exercise (EXE), 3 × 30 min of walking/jogging per week, cognitive training (COG) 6 × ~20 min per week, a combined group (COM), and a control group (CON) engaging in no intervention. 6MWT distance increased by 11.4% for EXE and 9.9% for COM ( < 0.05). For SART, there were positive significant interactions between the number of correct and incorrect responses from pre- to post-intervention when participants were asked to refrain from a response (NO-GO-trials) across all experimental groups ( < 0.05). There were positive significant interactions in the number of correct, incorrect, and timeout incompatible responses for STROOP in EXE, COG, and COM ( < 0.05). Walking generated a cognitive load attributed to heightened levels of vigilance and decision-making, suggesting that exercise should be adopted within the DS community to promote physical and cognitive well-being.
21 号染色体的重复，如唐氏综合征（DS）所证明的，与健康的禁忌症有关，如变时和呼吸功能不全、神经肌肉状况以及认知功能受损。本研究的目的是检查八周规定的运动和/或认知训练对 DS 成人的身体健康和认知健康的影响。来自五大洲的 83 名参与者（年龄 27.1 ± 8.0 岁）参加了这项研究。通过改良的六分钟步行测试（6MWT）评估身体适应性，而通过科西方块测试、持续注意力反应任务（SART）和斯特鲁普任务（STROOP）评估认知和执行功能。所有这些测试都是在干预前后完成的。参与者被分配到八周的运动（EXE）、每周 3 次 30 分钟的步行/慢跑、认知训练（COG）每周 6 次约 20 分钟、综合组（COM）和对照组（CON），CON 组不进行任何干预。EXE 组的 6MWT 距离增加了 11.4%，COM 组增加了 9.9%（<0.05）。对于 SART，当要求所有实验组参与者在不做出反应（NO-GO 试验）时，从干预前到干预后的正确和错误反应数量之间存在积极的显著交互作用（<0.05）。在 EXE、COG 和 COM 中，STROOP 的正确、错误和超时不兼容反应数量均存在积极显著的交互作用（<0.05）。步行产生了认知负荷，归因于警觉度和决策能力的提高，这表明应该在 DS 社区中采用运动来促进身体健康和认知健康。
