College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Nov 23;24(23):16659. doi: 10.3390/ijms242316659.
Grape rain-shelter cultivation is a widely employed practice in China. At present, the most commonly used rain shelter film materials are polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and polyolefin (PO). Coverlys TF150 is a woven fabric with an internal antifoggy PE coating that has not yet been popularized as a rain shelter film for grapes in China. To investigate the effects of Coverlys TF150 on grapes, we measured the microdomain environment, leaf development, and photosynthetic characteristics of 'Miguang' ( × ) under rain-shelter cultivation and performed transcriptome analysis. The results showed that Coverlys TF150 significantly reduced ( < 0.05) the light intensity, temperature, and humidity compared with PO film, increased the chlorophyll content and leaf thickness (particularly palisade tissue thickness), and increased stomatal density and stomatal opening from 10:00 to 14:00. Coverlys TF150 was observed to improve the maximum efficiency of photosystem II (F/F), photochemical quenching (qP), the electron transfer rate (ETR), and the actual photochemical efficiency (Φ) from 10:00 to 14:00. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rate (P), intercellular CO concentration (C), stomatal conductance (G), and transpiration rate (T) of grape leaves significantly increased ( < 0.05) from 10:00 to 14:00. RNA-Seq analysis of the grape leaves at 8:00, 10:00, and 12:00 revealed 1388, 1562, and 1436 differential genes at these points in time, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis showed the occurrence of protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction were identified as the metabolic pathways with the highest differential gene expression enrichment. The psbA encoding D1 protein was significantly up-regulated in both CO10vsPO10 and CO12vsPO12, while the sHSPs family genes were significantly down-regulated in all time periods, and thus may play an important role in the maintenance of the photosystem II (PSII) activity in grape leaves under Coverlys TF150. Compared with PO film, the PSI-related gene psaB was up-regulated, indicating the ability of Coverlys TF150 to better maintain PSI activity. Compared with PO film, the abolic acid receptacle-associated gene PYL1 was down-regulated at all time periods under the Coverlys TF150 treatment, while PP2C47 was significantly up-regulated in CO10vsPO10 and CO12vsPO12, inducing stomatal closure. The results reveal that Coverlys TF150 alleviates the stress of high temperature and strong light compared with PO film, improves the photosynthetic capacity of grape leaves, and reduces the midday depression of photosynthesis.
避雨栽培在中国被广泛应用。目前，最常用的雨棚膜材料为聚氯乙烯（PVC）、聚乙烯（PE）、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）和聚烯烃（PO）。Coverlys TF150 是一种带有内部防雾 PE 涂层的机织织物，尚未在中国广泛用作葡萄避雨棚膜。为了研究 Coverlys TF150 对葡萄的影响，我们在避雨栽培下测量了‘密光’（ × ）的微域环境、叶片发育和光合特性，并进行了转录组分析。结果表明，与 PO 膜相比，Coverlys TF150 显著降低（ < 0.05）了光强、温度和湿度，增加了叶绿素含量和叶片厚度（特别是栅栏组织厚度），并增加了 10:00 至 14:00 时的气孔密度和气孔开度。Coverlys TF150 被观察到提高了最大光系统 II 效率（F/F）、光化学猝灭（qP）、电子传递速率（ETR）和实际光化学效率（Φ）从 10:00 到 14:00。此外，葡萄叶片的净光合速率（P）、胞间 CO 浓度（C）、气孔导度（G）和蒸腾速率（T）在 10:00 至 14:00 之间显著增加（ < 0.05）。8:00、10:00 和 12:00 时葡萄叶片的 RNA-Seq 分析分别显示了 1388、1562 和 1436 个差异基因。KEGG 富集分析表明内质网中发生了蛋白质加工。植物激素信号转导和植物-病原体相互作用被鉴定为差异基因表达富集程度最高的代谢途径。编码 D1 蛋白的 psbA 在 CO10vsPO10 和 CO12vsPO12 中均显著上调，而所有时间段的 sHSPs 家族基因均显著下调，因此可能在 Coverlys TF150 下维持葡萄叶片光系统 II（PSII）活性中发挥重要作用。与 PO 膜相比，PSI 相关基因 psaB 上调，表明 Coverlys TF150 能够更好地维持 PSI 活性。与 PO 膜相比，Coverlys TF150 处理下所有时间点的代谢酸受体相关基因 PYL1 下调，而 CO10vsPO10 和 CO12vsPO12 中的 PP2C47 显著上调，诱导气孔关闭。结果表明，与 PO 膜相比，Coverlys TF150 减轻了高温和强光的胁迫，提高了葡萄叶片的光合能力，降低了光合作用的午后衰减。
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