School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland.
Health and Addictions Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
JMIR Hum Factors. 2023 Dec 12;10:e46678. doi: 10.2196/46678.
Substance use trends are complex; they often rapidly evolve and necessitate an intersectional approach in research, service, and policy making. Current and emerging digital tools related to substance use are promising but also create a range of challenges and opportunities.
This paper reports on a backcasting exercise aimed at the development of a roadmap that identifies values, challenges, facilitators, and milestones to achieve optimal use of digital tools in the substance use field by 2030.
A backcasting exercise method was adopted, wherein the core elements are identifying key values, challenges, facilitators, milestones, cornerstones and a current, desired, and future scenario. A structured approach was used by means of (1) an Open Science Framework page as a web-based collaborative working space and (2) key stakeholders' collaborative engagement during the 2022 Lisbon Addiction Conference.
The identified key values were digital rights, evidence-based tools, user-friendliness, accessibility and availability, and person-centeredness. The key challenges identified were ethical funding, regulations, commercialization, best practice models, digital literacy, and access or reach. The key facilitators identified were scientific research, interoperable infrastructure and a culture of innovation, expertise, ethical funding, user-friendly designs, and digital rights and regulations. A range of milestones were identified. The overarching identified cornerstones consisted of creating ethical frameworks, increasing access to digital tools, and continuous trend analysis.
The use of digital tools in the field of substance use is linked to a range of risks and opportunities that need to be managed. The current trajectories of the use of such tools are heavily influenced by large multinational for-profit companies with relatively little involvement of key stakeholders such as people who use drugs, service providers, and researchers. The current funding models are problematic and lack the necessary flexibility associated with best practice business approaches such as lean and agile principles to design and execute customer discovery methods. Accessibility and availability, digital rights, user-friendly design, and person-focused approaches should be at the forefront in the further development of digital tools. Global legislative and technical infrastructures by means of a global action plan and strategy are necessary and should include ethical frameworks, accessibility of digital tools for substance use, and continuous trend analysis as cornerstones.
物质使用趋势复杂多变，往往迅速演变，因此在研究、服务和政策制定中需要采取交叉视角。当前和新兴的与物质使用相关的数字工具具有很大的潜力，但也带来了一系列挑战和机遇。
本研究报告了一项回溯预测演练，旨在制定一份路线图，确定到 2030 年实现最佳使用数字工具在物质使用领域的价值观、挑战、促进因素和里程碑。
采用回溯预测演练方法，其中核心要素包括确定关键价值观、挑战、促进因素、里程碑、基石以及当前、期望和未来的情况。采用结构化方法，包括（1）在开放科学框架网页上作为基于网络的协作工作空间，以及（2）在 2022 年里斯本成瘾大会期间进行关键利益相关者的协作参与。
确定的关键价值观是数字权利、基于证据的工具、用户友好性、可及性和可用性以及以人为本。确定的关键挑战包括道德资助、法规、商业化、最佳实践模式、数字素养以及获取或覆盖范围。确定的关键促进因素包括科学研究、互操作性基础设施和创新文化、专业知识、道德资助、用户友好型设计以及数字权利和法规。确定了一系列里程碑。总体确定的基石包括创建道德框架、增加对数字工具的获取以及持续的趋势分析。
在物质使用领域使用数字工具与一系列风险和机遇相关，需要加以管理。这些工具的使用目前轨迹受到大型跨国营利性公司的严重影响，而关键利益相关者（如吸毒者、服务提供者和研究人员）的参与相对较少。当前的资金模式存在问题，缺乏最佳实践业务方法（如精益和敏捷原则）所必需的灵活性，无法设计和执行客户发现方法。可及性和可用性、数字权利、用户友好型设计和以人为本的方法应该成为数字工具进一步发展的前沿。通过全球行动计划和战略，实现全球立法和技术基础设施是必要的，并且应该包括道德框架、物质使用数字工具的可及性和持续的趋势分析作为基石。
