CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Center, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy.
Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2023 Dec 12;19(2):155-163. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0075. Print 2024 Feb 1.
Ski mountaineering sprint competitions are short individual races involving 3 uphill sections (U), 3 transitions (T), and a final descent. To date, relatively little is known about this novel Olympic discipline, and here we examined (1) the contribution of the time spent on U, T, and final descent to overall finishing time and (2) the potential relationships with final ranking. During the different rounds of 2 International Ski Mountaineering Federation World Cup sprint competitions, male and female ski mountaineers were video recorded. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the impact of U, T, and final descent on the best overall finishing time. Linear-mixed model analysis was applied to explore potential interactions between section times, rounds, and final ranking. Overall, U (r = .90-.97) and T (r = .57-.89) were closely correlated with the best overall finishing time (all P < .05). U explained approximately 80% to 90% of the variation in the best finishing time for both sexes, with U + T explaining approximately 95% to 98% of this variation. In each successive round, the ski mountaineers eliminated were all slower on U than the Top 3 (all P < .05). The fastest skiers increased their performance on U in the later rounds of the competitions, while those eliminated showed a tendency toward a decrease. Our findings reveal that world-class sprint ski mountaineers conduct transitions optimally and perform effectively uphill. Training for such competitions should aim to improve short supramaximal uphill performance (∼1.5-2.5 min), ensuring that this does not decline with multiple efforts. These insights into ski mountaineering sprint performance are of considerable value in connection with training for the 2026 Winter Olympics.
滑雪登山冲刺比赛是一项个人短距离竞赛，包含 3 段上坡路段（U）、3 次过渡路段（T）和一段最终下坡。迄今为止，人们对这项新的奥运项目知之甚少，在此我们研究了（1）上坡、过渡和最终下坡所用时间对总完赛时间的贡献，以及（2）与最终排名的潜在关系。在国际滑雪登山联合会世界杯冲刺比赛的不同轮次中，男性和女性滑雪登山运动员都进行了视频记录。使用相关和多元线性回归分析来研究上坡、过渡和最终下坡对最佳总完赛时间的影响。线性混合模型分析用于探索各路段用时、轮次和最终排名之间的潜在交互作用。总体而言，上坡（r =.90-.97）和过渡（r =.57-.89）与最佳总完赛时间密切相关（均 P <.05）。上坡和过渡共同解释了两性最佳完赛时间的 80%至 90%，而两者之和则解释了 95%至 98%的变化。在每一轮中，被淘汰的运动员在上坡路段的用时均比前 3 名慢（均 P <.05）。速度最快的运动员在比赛的后几轮中提高了在上坡段的表现，而被淘汰的运动员则表现出下降的趋势。我们的研究结果表明，世界级的滑雪登山冲刺运动员在上坡时表现出色，过渡时效率很高。此类比赛的训练应旨在提高短时间超最大上坡表现（约 1.5-2.5 分钟），确保在多次努力后不会下降。这些关于滑雪登山冲刺表现的深入了解对于备战 2026 年冬季奥运会具有重要价值。
