Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (JCL).
Division of Ophthalmology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (JCL, PBG).
Hawaii J Health Soc Welf. 2023 Dec;82(12):296-301.
Racial disparities in vision impairment have been reported among Black, Hispanic, and White Americans. However, there is a paucity of research on vision impairment among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, self-reported visual impairment in NHPI adults in the United States (US). Data from the NHPI and 2014 National Health Interview Surveys were analyzed using sample weights and variance estimates. Prevalence was calculated for vision impairment and blindness for the NHPI and overall US populations. Sociodemographic and clinical risk factors of vision impairment were explored using descriptive statistics, χ tests, and simple and multiple logistic regression. In total, 2 586 NHPIs and 36 673 individuals in the US were included. The prevalence of vision impairment was 8.8% among NHPIs and 9.1% for the overall US population, and the prevalence of blindness was 0.72% for NHPIs and 0.35% for the overall population. Independent risk factors associated with vision impairment were having a Charlson Comorbidity Index over 1 [OR: 2.89, 95% CI: (1.42-5.88)] and having a family income below $35 000 [OR: 2.03, 95% CI: (1.06-3.89)]. In summary, the rate of blindness is higher among NHPIs than the overall US population, especially for older and unemployed individuals with more comorbidities. Higher comorbidity burden, lower family income, and recent eye care were risk factors for vision impairment. More research is necessary to develop targeted and culturally sensitive interventions to promote NHPI eye health.
美国黑人和西班牙裔以及白种人群体中报告存在视力障碍的种族差异。然而,针对美属夏威夷原住民和太平洋岛民(NHPIs)的视力障碍研究甚少。本研究的目的是确定美国 NHPIs 成年人中自我报告的视力障碍的流行率和相关风险因素。使用样本权重和方差估计分析了来自 NHPIs 和 2014 年全国健康访谈调查的数据。为 NHPIs 和整个美国人群计算了视力障碍和失明的流行率。使用描述性统计,χ检验以及简单和多元逻辑回归探索了视力障碍的社会人口统计学和临床风险因素。总共纳入了 2586 名 NHPIs 和 36673 名美国个体。NHPIs 中视力障碍的患病率为 8.8%,而整个美国人群的患病率为 9.1%,NHPIs 中失明的患病率为 0.72%,而整个人群的患病率为 0.35%。与视力障碍相关的独立风险因素包括 Charlson 合并症指数大于 1[OR:2.89,95%CI:(1.42-5.88)]和家庭收入低于 35000 美元[OR:2.03,95%CI:(1.06-3.89)]。总之,NHPIs 中的失明率高于整个美国人群,尤其是患有更多合并症的年龄较大和失业的个体。较高的合并症负担,较低的家庭收入和近期的眼部护理是视力障碍的危险因素。需要进行更多的研究以制定有针对性和文化敏感性的干预措施,以促进 NHPIs 的眼部健康。