Milleron B, Jean T, Fouret P, Liote H, Akoun G
Rev Pneumol Clin. 1986;42(5):231-4.
In a retrospective study covering a 3-year period, 29 cases were reviewed. All concerned patients with endoscopic abnormalities resembling those of a primary carcinoma and histologically of the same type as a previously known tumour affecting areas as diverse as the E.N.T. region (31%), the colorectal region (20.6%), the mammary gland (13.7%) or the bladder (10.3%). There was nothing particular in the clinical, radiological or endoscopic signs. In the vast majority of cases (27/29) the histological diagnosis was provided by bronchofibroscopy. Thus, not only does endoscopy frequently visualizes abnormalities in obviously secondary carcinomas, but it also diagnoses cancers with clinical, radiological and endoscopic features of primary cancers from which they are sometimes almost undistinguishable.
在一项为期3年的回顾性研究中，对29例病例进行了复查。所有相关患者的内镜检查异常情况类似于原发性癌，组织学类型与先前已知肿瘤相同，累及的部位多种多样，如耳鼻喉区域（31%）、结肠直肠区域（20.6%）、乳腺（13.7%）或膀胱（10.3%）。临床、放射学或内镜检查体征均无特殊之处。在绝大多数病例（27/29）中，组织学诊断由纤维支气管镜检查提供。因此，内镜检查不仅经常能观察到明显的继发性癌中的异常情况，还能诊断出具有原发性癌的临床、放射学和内镜特征的癌症，有时它们几乎难以区分。
