Bohut V, Macholda F
Z Erkr Atmungsorgane. 1981 May;157(2):219-22.
The frequency of metastases of solid primary tumors into the respiratory tract is estimated to about 5% by means of bronchoscopic and bronchofibroscopic examinations. The clinical and roentgenological picture of endobronchial metastases in most cases is corresponding to that of a primary bronchial cancer. For differential diagnostics endobronchial metastases have to be delimited from primary bronchial carcinoma, from the multilocular forms of the primary bronchial carcinoma, from benign tumors and pseudotumors of the respiratory tract. The possibility of double tumors (tumorduplicity) must not be forgotten, as well. The endoscopic signs of a benign tumor endobronchially growing are described. However, only the histological or cytologic examination will give certainty. The endoscopic picture of a primary bronchial carcinoma with metastases and other possible multilocular endobronchial alterations are described. In our material the error was most frequent, that the bronchial cancer was confounded with the metastases. During the last 20 years we have observed endobronchial metastases in 22 patients with bronchoscopic methods. In 13 patients an extrapulmonary solid tumor made metastases into the bronchi, breast cancer 4 times, Grawitztumors, adenocarcinoma of the colon, carcinoma of the thymus each two times, cancer of the uterus, of the urinary bladder and the thyroid each one time. In 9 patients autochthonous metastases of a primary bronchial carcinoma were found.
通过支气管镜和纤维支气管镜检查估计，实体原发性肿瘤转移至呼吸道的发生率约为5%。大多数情况下，支气管内转移瘤的临床和X线表现与原发性支气管癌相似。为进行鉴别诊断，必须将支气管内转移瘤与原发性支气管癌、原发性支气管癌的多灶性类型、呼吸道良性肿瘤和假瘤区分开来。同时也不能忘记存在双肿瘤（肿瘤并存）的可能性。文中描述了支气管内生长的良性肿瘤的内镜表现。然而，只有组织学或细胞学检查才能确诊。文中还描述了伴有转移的原发性支气管癌及其他可能的支气管内多灶性改变的内镜表现。在我们的资料中，最常见的错误是将支气管癌误诊为转移瘤。在过去20年中，我们通过支气管镜检查观察到22例支气管内转移瘤患者。其中13例为肺外实体肿瘤转移至支气管，乳腺癌转移4次，肾上腺瘤、结肠癌腺癌、胸腺癌各转移2次，子宫癌、膀胱癌和甲状腺癌各转移1次。另外9例为原发性支气管癌的自身转移。
