Microbial community and chemical composition of cigar tobacco ( L.) leaves altered by tobacco wildfire disease.

Tobacco wildfire disease caused by pv. is one of the most destructive foliar bacterial diseases occurring worldwide. However, the effect of wildfire disease on cigar tobacco leaves has not been clarified in detail. In this study, the differences in microbiota and chemical factors between wildfire disease-infected leaves and healthy leaves were characterized using high-throughput Illumina sequencing and a continuous-flow analytical system, respectively. The results demonstrated significant alterations in the structure of the phyllosphere microbial community in response to wildfire disease, and the infection of pv. led to a decrease in bacterial richness and diversity. Furthermore, the content of nicotine, protein, total nitrogen, and Cl in diseased leaves significantly increased by 47.86%, 17.46%, 20.08%, and 72.77% in comparison to healthy leaves, while the levels of total sugar and reducing sugar decreased by 59.59% and 70.0%, respectively. Notably, the wildfire disease had little effect on the content of starch and K. Redundancy analysis revealed that , , , and displayed positive correlations with nicotine, protein, total nitrogen, Cl and K contents, while , , , , , , , and displayed positive correlations with total sugar and reducing sugar contents. , , and were found to be enriched in diseased leaves, suggesting their potential role in disease suppression. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that positive correlations were prevalent in microbial networks, and the bacterial network of healthy tobacco leaves exhibited greater complexity compared to diseased tobacco leaves. This study revealed the impact of wildfire disease on the microbial community and chemical compositions of tobacco leaves and provides new insights for the biological control of tobacco wildfire disease.