Le Mével Hélène, Miller Craig A, Ribó Marta, Cronin Shane, Kula Taaniela
Carnegie Institution for Science, Earth and Planets Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA.
GNS Science, Wairakei Research Center, Taupo, New Zealand.
Sci Adv. 2023 Dec 15;9(50):eadh3156. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3156.
One of the largest explosive eruptions instrumentally recorded occurred at Hunga volcano on 15 January 2022. The magma plumbing system under this volcano is unexplored because of inherent difficulties caused by its submarine setting. We use marine gravity data derived from satellite altimetry combined with multibeam bathymetry to model the architecture and dynamics of the magmatic system before and after the January 2022 eruption. We provide geophysical evidence for substantial high-melt content magma accumulation in three reservoirs at shallow depths (2 to 10 kilometers) under the volcano. We estimate that less than ~30% of the existing magma was evacuated by the main eruptive phases, enough to trigger caldera collapse. The eruption and caldera collapse reorganized magma storage, resulting in an increased connectivity between the two spatially distinct reservoirs. Modeling global satellite altimetry-derived gravity data at undersea volcanoes offer a promising reconnaissance tool to probe the subsurface for eruptible magma.
有仪器记录以来最大的一次爆发性火山喷发发生在2022年1月15日的洪阿火山。由于该火山的海底环境带来的固有困难，其岩浆管道系统尚未得到探测。我们利用卫星测高得到的海洋重力数据，并结合多波束测深数据，对2022年1月火山喷发前后岩浆系统的结构和动力学进行建模。我们提供了地球物理证据，证明在火山下方浅深度（2至10公里）的三个储层中有大量高熔体含量的岩浆聚集。我们估计，在主要喷发阶段，现有岩浆只有不到约30%被排出，这足以引发破火山口坍塌。火山喷发和破火山口坍塌重新组织了岩浆储存，导致两个空间上不同的储层之间的连通性增加。对海底火山的全球卫星测高重力数据进行建模，为探测地下可喷发岩浆提供了一种很有前景的勘查工具。
