College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Poult Sci. 2024 Feb;103(2):103292. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103292. Epub 2023 Nov 17.
The cluster homolog of immunoglobulin-like receptors (CHIRs), previously known as the "chicken homolog of immunogloublin-like receptors," represents is a large group of transmembrane glycoproteins that direct the immune response. However, the full repertoire of putatively activating, inhibitory, or dual function CHIRA, CHIRB, and CHIRAB on chickens' immune responses is poorly understood. Herein, the study objective was to determine the genes encoding CHIR proteins and predict their function by searching canonical protein structure. A bioinformatics pipeline based on previous work was employed to search for the CHIRs from the newly updated broiler and layer genomes. The categorization into CHIRA, CHIRB, and CHIRAB types was assigned through motif searches, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogeny. In total, 150 protein-encoding genes on Chromosome 31 were identified as CHIRs. Gene members of each functional group (CHIRA, CHIRB, CHIRAB) were classified in accordance with previously recognized proteins. The genes were renamed to "cluster homolog of immunoglobulin-like receptors" (CHIRs) to allow for the naming of orthologous genes in other avian species. Additionally, expression analysis of the classified CHIRs across various reinforces their importance as immune regulators and activation in inflammatory tissues. Furthermore, over 1,000 diverse and rare CHIRs variants associated with differential Marek's disease response (P < 0.05) emphasize the impact of CHIRs on shaping avian immune responses in diverse contexts. The practical applications of these findings encompass advancing immunology, improving poultry health management, optimizing breeding programs for disease resistance, and enhancing overall animal health through a deeper understanding of the roles and functions of CHIRA, CHIRB, and CHIRAB types in avian immune responses.
免疫球蛋白样受体（CHIRs）的聚类同源物，以前被称为“免疫球蛋白样受体的鸡同源物”，代表了一大类指导免疫反应的跨膜糖蛋白。然而，鸡免疫反应中假定的激活、抑制或双重功能的 CHIRA、CHIRB 和 CHIRAB 的完整谱尚不清楚。在此，研究目的是通过搜索规范蛋白结构来确定编码 CHIR 蛋白的基因，并预测其功能。基于以前的工作，采用了一个生物信息学管道来从新更新的肉鸡和蛋鸡基因组中搜索 CHIRs。通过基序搜索、多重序列比对和系统发育，将其分类为 CHIRA、CHIRB 和 CHIRAB 类型。总共在 31 号染色体上鉴定出 150 个编码蛋白的基因作为 CHIRs。每个功能组（CHIRA、CHIRB、CHIRAB）的基因成员都根据先前识别的蛋白进行了分类。将这些基因重新命名为“cluster homolog of immunoglobulin-like receptors”（CHIRs），以便在其他禽类物种中命名同源基因。此外，对不同组织中分类的 CHIRs 的表达分析进一步证实了它们作为免疫调节剂的重要性及其在炎症组织中的激活作用。此外，与差异 Marek 病反应相关的超过 1000 种多样和罕见的 CHIRs 变体（P < 0.05）强调了 CHIRs 对塑造禽类在不同环境下免疫反应的影响。这些发现的实际应用包括推进免疫学研究、改善家禽健康管理、优化对疾病抗性的繁殖计划以及通过更深入了解 CHIRA、CHIRB 和 CHIRAB 类型在禽类免疫反应中的作用和功能来增强动物整体健康。
