Lou Jianbo, Zhang Jianning, Deng Quanjun, Chen Xin
Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
Neural Regen Res. 2024 Aug 1;19(8):1734-1740. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.389625. Epub 2023 Dec 11.
Neutrophil extracellular traps are primarily composed of DNA and histones and are released by neutrophils to promote inflammation and thrombosis when stimulated by various inflammatory reactions. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation occurs through lytic and non-lytic pathways that can be further classified by formation mechanisms. Histones, von Willebrand factor, fibrin, and many other factors participate in the interplay between inflammation and thrombosis. Neuro-immunothrombosis summarizes the intricate interplay between inflammation and thrombosis during neural development and the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, providing cutting-edge insights into post-neurotrauma thrombotic events. The blood-brain barrier defends the brain and spinal cord against external assaults, and neutrophil extracellular trap involvement in blood-brain barrier disruption and immunothrombosis contributes substantially to secondary injuries in neurological diseases. Further research is needed to understand how neutrophil extracellular traps promote blood-brain barrier disruption and immunothrombosis, but recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophil extracellular traps play a crucial role in immunothrombosis, and identified modulators of neuro-immunothrombosis. However, these neurological diseases occur in blood vessels, and the mechanisms are unclear by which neutrophil extracellular traps penetrate the blood-brain barrier to participate in immunothrombosis in traumatic brain injury. This review discusses the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in neuro-immunothrombosis and explores potential therapeutic interventions to modulate neutrophil extracellular traps that may reduce immunothrombosis and improve traumatic brain injury outcomes.
中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网主要由DNA和组蛋白组成，在受到各种炎症反应刺激时，由中性粒细胞释放，以促进炎症和血栓形成。中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网的形成通过溶解和非溶解途径发生，这些途径可根据形成机制进一步分类。组蛋白、血管性血友病因子、纤维蛋白和许多其他因素参与炎症和血栓形成之间的相互作用。神经免疫血栓形成总结了神经发育过程中炎症和血栓形成之间以及神经疾病发病机制中的复杂相互作用，为神经创伤后血栓形成事件提供了前沿见解。血脑屏障保护大脑和脊髓免受外部攻击，中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网参与血脑屏障破坏和免疫血栓形成，在神经疾病的继发性损伤中起重要作用。需要进一步研究以了解中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网如何促进血脑屏障破坏和免疫血栓形成，但最近的研究表明中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在免疫血栓形成中起关键作用，并确定了神经免疫血栓形成的调节因子。然而，这些神经疾病发生在血管中，中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网穿透血脑屏障参与创伤性脑损伤免疫血栓形成的机制尚不清楚。本综述讨论了中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在神经免疫血栓形成中的作用，并探讨了调节中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网的潜在治疗干预措施，这些措施可能减少免疫血栓形成并改善创伤性脑损伤的预后。
