Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.
Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.
Dev Cell. 2023 Dec 18;58(24):2836-2849. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.004.
The cerebral cortex-the brain's covering and largest region-has increased in size and complexity in humans and supports higher cognitive functions such as language and abstract thinking. There is a growing understanding of the human cerebral cortex, including the diversity and number of cell types that it contains, as well as of the developmental mechanisms that shape cortical structure and organization. In this review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of molecular and cellular processes, as well as mechanical forces, that regulate the folding of the cerebral cortex. Advances in human genetics, coupled with experimental modeling in gyrencephalic species, have provided insights into the central role of cortical progenitors in the gyrification and evolutionary expansion of the cerebral cortex. These studies are essential for understanding the emergence of structural and functional organization during cortical development and the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with cortical malformations.
大脑皮层——大脑的覆盖层和最大区域——在人类中已经增大了体积并变得更加复杂，它支持语言和抽象思维等更高的认知功能。人们对人类大脑皮层的理解越来越深入，包括它所包含的细胞类型的多样性和数量，以及塑造皮层结构和组织的发育机制。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在分子和细胞过程以及机械力方面的最新进展，这些过程和力调节大脑皮层的折叠。人类遗传学的进展，加上对脑回物种的实验建模，使我们深入了解了皮质祖细胞在大脑皮层的脑回形成和进化扩展中的核心作用。这些研究对于理解皮质发育过程中结构和功能组织的出现以及与皮质畸形相关的神经发育障碍的发病机制至关重要。
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