Ferreira de Castro E, Albino L, Martins I
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1986 Nov;74(5):425-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06264.x.
To evaluate to what extent a suicide can be considered a hetero-aggression converted into self-aggression, this study analyses whether the increase in suicides corresponds to a decrease in homicides and vice-versa. Rates of suicide and homicide from 1970 to 1982 have been analysed in Portugal, Azores and Maderia, and the district and city of Lisbon; age and sex groups have also been compared. There is no inverse variation between suicides and homicides either globally or for males or females. There is also a difference in age distribution for suicides and homicides - suicides being mainly over 50 years, homicides mainly under. This suggests that it is not very plausible that self- and hetero-aggressive behaviours alternate in the same individual, although it is possible that, with increasing age, he may move from hetero- or potential hetero-aggression to self-aggression.
为了评估自杀在多大程度上可被视为转化为自我攻击的异向攻击行为，本研究分析了自杀率的上升是否与杀人率的下降相对应，反之亦然。对1970年至1982年葡萄牙、亚速尔群岛、马德拉群岛以及里斯本地区和城市的自杀率和杀人率进行了分析；还对年龄和性别组进行了比较。无论是总体上还是男性或女性群体中，自杀率和杀人率之间均不存在反向变化。自杀和杀人的年龄分布也存在差异——自杀主要发生在50岁以上人群，杀人主要发生在50岁以下人群。这表明，虽然随着年龄增长，个体有可能从异向或潜在异向攻击行为转变为自我攻击行为，但在同一个体中，自我攻击行为和异向攻击行为相互交替的说法似乎不太可信。
