Wójcik Magdalena, Kasprzyk Idalia
Institue of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland.
IMA Fungus. 2023 Dec 20;14(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s43008-023-00135-4.
Forests are a natural source of airborne bolete spores. The timing of sporulation and its intensity as well as the dispersal of airborne spores and in consequence their concentrations depend in particular on the type of land use determining the availability of matter on which they develop and on meteorological factors. The aim of this study was to perform a spatial and temporal analysis of the occurrence of Boletus-type spores in the warm temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere. An assumption was made that the spore concentrations depend on the type of land cover and weather conditions. The volumetric method was applied to investigate differences in spore concentrations and using spore traps installed at different heights and at locations with different land cover types. Boletus-type spores occurred in the air at high concentrations in late summer and in the autumn. The season start dates and maximum concentrations did not differ significantly between sites and seasons, but the season intensity varied. Higher spore concentrations were usually found in the region with a larger proportion of green areas, including forests. An analysis of the diurnal cycles showed that within 24 h spore concentration reached high levels twice, which was especially noticeable in ground level monitoring. Air temperature and air humidity were the main weather factors affecting the occurrence of airborne spores. This research indicates that when studying the effects of different factors on the concentration of airborne basidiospores, many environmental elements should be analyzed, including the characteristics of habitats in which basidiomycetes grow. Climate, weather, geobotany, and land use type should be taken into account in analysis and interpretation of aeromycological phenomena.
森林是空气中牛肝菌孢子的天然来源。孢子形成的时间及其强度，以及空气传播孢子的扩散，进而其浓度，尤其取决于决定其生长所需物质可利用性的土地利用类型和气象因素。本研究的目的是对北半球暖温带气候中牛肝菌型孢子的出现进行时空分析。研究假设孢子浓度取决于土地覆盖类型和天气条件。采用体积法，利用安装在不同高度和不同土地覆盖类型地点的孢子捕捉器，来研究孢子浓度的差异。牛肝菌型孢子在夏末和秋季的空气中大量出现。不同地点和季节之间，季节开始日期和最大浓度没有显著差异，但季节强度有所不同。通常在绿地比例较大的地区，包括森林，发现较高的孢子浓度。对昼夜周期的分析表明，在24小时内孢子浓度会达到高水平两次，这在地面监测中尤为明显。气温和空气湿度是影响空气中孢子出现的主要气象因素。这项研究表明，在研究不同因素对空气中担子孢子浓度的影响时，应分析许多环境要素，包括担子菌生长的栖息地特征。在气传真菌学现象的分析和解释中，应考虑气候、天气、地植物学和土地利用类型。
