Hernández Trejo Fernando, Muñoz Rodríguez Adolfo F, Tormo Molina Rafael, Silva Palacios Inmaculada
Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
Environmental Biology and Public Health Department, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(4):657-63.
The aim of this work was to detect the presence of Basidiomycetes spores (basidiospores, teliospores, uredospores and aeciospores) in Mérida (SW Spain) and assess the influence of weather parameters. Air was sampled continuously with a volumetric seven-day Burkard spore trap for two years. Fungi spores were identified and counted at x1,000 microscope resolution. Daily and weekly meteorological data and airborne spore concentration were analysed. Twenty-three spores types were identified, including basidiospores (Amanita, Agrocybe, Cortinarius, Coprinus -2 types-, Boletus, Bovista, Calvatia, Entoloma, Ganoderma, Inocybe, Russula, Scleroderma, Telephora), teliospores (Phragmidium, Tilletia, Ustillago -4 types-), uredospores, and aeciospores (2 types), all of these types of spores included different taxa. Average concentration was of 616 spores/m(3), with maximum concentration in autumn (October), and a second concentration in spring (May-June); however, some spore types were more frequent in summer (Bovista, Ganoderma) or even in winter (Entoloma, Calvatia). The Amanita type was the most frequent (white-hyaline basidiospores); the second were teliospores of Ustilago, the third spore type was basidiospores of Coprinus (blackish basidiospores) and Agrocybe type (smoothed light to dark coloured basidiospores). Basidiospore concentration was positively correlated with temperature and negatively with relative humidity in most cases, and Ustilago teliospores concentration was positively correlated with wind speed. Differences in monthly rain were probably the origin between years. Airborne spores of Basidiomycetes may be separated into more than 20 types, and their seasonal concentration depended on meteorology as well as whether they were saprotrophic or parasitic.
这项工作的目的是检测西班牙西南部梅里达地区担子菌孢子（担孢子、冬孢子、夏孢子和锈孢子）的存在情况，并评估天气参数的影响。使用容积式七天伯卡德孢子捕捉器连续两年对空气进行采样。在1000倍显微镜分辨率下对真菌孢子进行鉴定和计数。分析了每日和每周的气象数据以及空气中孢子浓度。共鉴定出23种孢子类型，包括担孢子（鹅膏菌属、田头菇属、丝膜菌属、鬼伞属 -2种-、牛肝菌属、马勃属、秃马勃属、粉褶菌属、灵芝属、丝盖伞属、红菇属、硬皮马勃属、伏革菌属）、冬孢子（单孢锈菌属、腥黑粉菌属、黑粉菌属 -4种-）、夏孢子和锈孢子（2种），所有这些孢子类型都包含不同的分类单元。平均浓度为616个孢子/立方米，秋季（10月）浓度最高，春季（5 - 6月）出现第二个浓度高峰；然而，一些孢子类型在夏季（马勃属、灵芝属）甚至冬季（粉褶菌属、秃马勃属）更为常见。鹅膏菌属类型最为常见（白色透明担孢子）；其次是黑粉菌属的冬孢子，第三种孢子类型是鬼伞属（黑色担孢子）和田头菇属类型（颜色从浅到深的光滑担孢子）的担孢子。在大多数情况下，担孢子浓度与温度呈正相关，与相对湿度呈负相关，而黑粉菌属冬孢子浓度与风速呈正相关。年份之间的差异可能源于月降雨量的不同。担子菌的空气传播孢子可分为20多种类型，其季节性浓度取决于气象条件以及它们是腐生还是寄生的。
