Wang W J, Cong S, Fan J, Wang N, Wang Q, Fang L W
National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100081, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2023 Dec 10;44(12):1899-1910. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230925-00187.
To understand the prevalence of exposure to household cooking oil fumes in women ≥40 years old. The data were from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Surveillance in China during 2019-2020, which selected permanent residents ≥40 years old from 125 counties (districts) in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) across the country by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. The relevant demographic information and cooking oil fumes were collected by face-to-face interview. Our study served 37 164 women with complete cooking practice information as the subject. After complex sample weighting, we analyzed the prevalence of cooking oil fumes exposure in women from cooking time, kitchen characteristics, and Self-reported cooking oil fumes exposure. In 2019, 83.9% (95%: 82.1%85.7%) and 4.5% (95%: 3.8%5.2%) of Chinese women ≥40 years old cooked daily and often, respectively. The average daily cooking duration is 1.8 hours/day, 31.1% of women who cooked daily more than 2.0 hours, and the average cumulative cooking years of cooking women were 32.8 years. 79.3% of cooking women used ventilation devices, and 3.2% cooked in the living room. 8.9% and 7.2% of cooking women in south China and northwest China cooked in the living room, significantly higher than in other regions (=0.036). The self-reported exposure rate to cooking oil fumes was 81.0% (95%: 79.3%82.7%). Rural, older, lower education level and women engaged in agriculture had a higher proportion of cooking daily, average daily cooking duration, cumulative cooking years, the proportion of cooking in the living room, and rate of self-reported cooking oil fumes exposure, but a lower proportion of using ventilation devices during cooking (<0.001). The exposure to household cooking oil fumes was serious in Chinese women, and some women still did not take any ventilation measures when cooking. More attention should be paid to the exposure to home cooking oil fumes and its health hazards in women, especially those with lower socioeconomic status.
了解40岁及以上女性接触家庭烹饪油烟的情况。数据来自2019 - 2020年中国慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）监测，该监测通过多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，从全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）的125个县（区）中选取40岁及以上的常住人口。通过面对面访谈收集相关人口统计学信息和烹饪油烟情况。本研究以37164名有完整烹饪实践信息的女性为研究对象。经过复杂样本加权后，我们从烹饪时间、厨房特征和自我报告的烹饪油烟接触情况等方面分析了女性烹饪油烟接触的患病率。2019年，40岁及以上中国女性中，每天做饭和经常做饭的比例分别为83.9%（95%：82.1% - 85.7%）和4.5%（95%：3.8% - 5.2%）。平均每日烹饪时长为1.8小时/天，31.1%的每日做饭女性烹饪时间超过2.0小时，做饭女性的平均累计烹饪年限为32.8年。79.3%的做饭女性使用通风设备，3.2%在客厅做饭。中国南方和西北地区分别有8.9%和7.2%的做饭女性在客厅做饭，显著高于其他地区（P = 0.036）。自我报告的烹饪油烟接触率为81.0%（95%：79.3% - 82.7%）。农村、年龄较大、教育水平较低以及从事农业的女性，每天做饭的比例、平均每日烹饪时长、累计烹饪年限、在客厅做饭的比例以及自我报告的烹饪油烟接触率较高，但做饭时使用通风设备的比例较低（P < 0.001）。中国女性接触家庭烹饪油烟的情况较为严重，部分女性做饭时仍未采取任何通风措施。应更加关注女性尤其是社会经济地位较低女性的家庭烹饪油烟接触及其健康危害。
